man tmux可以看到最详细的tmux介绍，本文翻译自tmux手册。
tmux全名叫“terminal multiplexer”，终端多路复用器。
tmux的命令格式为：
tmux [-2CluvV] [-c shell-command] [-f file] [-L socket-name] [-S socket-path] [command [flags]]
tmux命令的命令行参数
tmux是一个终端多路复用工具：它可以让用户通过一个屏幕来创建、访问多个终端。tmux可以在终端关闭之后继续运行，下次启动之后可以重新连接tmux。
tmux启动时会创建一个会话，该会话创建一个窗口，在窗口的底部有状态栏，状态栏描述了当前窗口的会话的信息。
一个会话包括tmux管理的多个伪终端，每个会话有至少一个窗口，一个窗口可以有多个窗格，每个窗格都是一个伪终端。多个tmux实例（窗口和窗格）都可以共用同一个session。一旦所有session关闭，tmux服务也就退出了。
每个会话都是持久的，即便SSH连接中断，会话依旧在运行。可以使用“C-b d”命令离开会话，之后可以通过tmux attach连接会话。
在tmux中，多个session共享同一server，server和session之间通过/tmp文件夹下的TCP套接字连接进行通信。
tmux命令参数如下：
- -2 强制tmux认为终端支持256种颜色。如果终端不支持256种颜色，tmux却强制输出256种颜色，输出会比较难看。
- -C 启动控制模式（控制模式见下文），使用-CC参数来禁用echo回显。
- -c shell-command 使用默认shell执行shell命令。
- -f file 指定tmux的配置文件，默认情况下tmux加载/etc/tmux.conf，如果~/.tmux.conf存在，就继续加载此用户配置。tmux配置文件就是一系列tmux命令集合，在启动时tmux顺序执行这些tmux命令。当tmux服务启动时，这些配置只被加载一次，使用
source-file命令可以告知tmux服务器重新加载配置文件。 - -L socket-name tmux把服务套接字存储在环境变量TMUX_TMPDIR指定的文件中，如果TMUX_TMPDIR环境变量不存在，就是用环境变量TMPDIR指定的文件，如果TMPDIR也不存在，就是用/tmp。如果套接字文件被删除了，SIGUSER1信号就会发送到tmux服务进程来重新创建套接字文件（如果套接字文件的父目录不存在则抛出异常）。
- -l 该参数使tmux的shell表现为login shell，该参数现在没有效果，而仅仅是为了兼容那些使用tmux的登录shell。
- -S socket-path 该参数指定套接字文件路径，如果这个参数被制定了，那么-L参数就会被忽略。
- -u tmux会尝试猜测终端是否支持UTF8，这个过程通过检测LC_ALL,LC_CTYPE和LANG环境变量来实现，但是这种检测方式并不总是正确，因此-u参数可以明确告知tmux：不用检测了，终端就是utf8编码。
- -v verbose，打印较多的信息，如tmux服务和客户端的进程ID。
- -V 查看tmux版本
- command [flags] 直接通过tmux命令指定默认需要执行的tmux指令，tmux指令下文将详细描述。如果未指明command参数，默认command为new-session，即创建新回话。
快捷键
tmux可以通过按下一个组合键（默认为Ctrol+b）进入快捷键模式，接下来就可以输入快捷键了。这些快捷键可以在tmux配置文件中指定，下面是默认的快捷键，其中C表示Control，M表示Alt。
面板操作
面板拆分
" 把面板分裂成上、下两个面板
% 把当前面板分裂成左右两个面板
x 关闭当前面板
面板切换
{ 交换当前面板和上一面板的位置（按照面板标号）
} 交换当前面板和下一面板的位置（按照面板标号）
方向键 切换面板
o 选中下一个面板
C-o 顺时针旋转面板
M-o 逆时针旋转面板
; 切换到上次选中的面板
面板布局
z 切换当前面板的全屏模式（z表示zen，即“禅”模式）
M-1 to M-5 启用五种内置布局: even-horizontal, even-vertical, main-horizontal, main-vertical, or tiled.
Space 使用下一个内置布局重新排列当前窗口内的面板。
C-Up, C-Down，C-Left, C-Right 调整面板大小，步长为一个像素。
M-Up, M-Down，M-Left, M-Right 调整面板大小，步长为五个像素。
窗口操作
& 关闭当前窗口（window）
, 重命名当前窗口
. Prompt for an index to move the current window.
0 to 9 Select windows 0 to 9.
c 创建一个新窗口
p 切换到上一窗口
n 切换到下一个窗口
l 切换到上次选中的窗口
w 交互式切换窗口
其它
C-b 进入快捷键模式
C-z 挂起tmux客户端
! 让当前的面板脱离当前窗口，自立门户，自己去往新的窗口
# 显示所有粘贴板缓冲区
$ 重命名当前会话
' Prompt for a window index to select.
( Switch the attached client to the previous session.
) Switch the attached client to the next session.
- 删除最近一次复制缓冲区
: 进入指令模式
= Choose which buffer to paste interactively from a list.
? 显示所有快捷键
D Choose a client to detach.
L Switch the attached client back to the last session.
[ 进入复制模式或者查看历史（可以通过vim快捷键进行翻页）
] 粘贴最近复制缓冲区中的内容
d 离开当前的tmux客户端
f Prompt to search for text in open windows.
i 显示当前窗口的标题信息
r 强制刷新当前client
m Mark the current pane (see select-pane -m).
M Clear the marked pane.
s 切换session
q 显示面板标号
t 显示时间
~ Show previous messages from tmux, if any.
PageUp 进入复制模式并向上滚动一页
M-n Move to the next window with a bell or activity marker.
M-p Move to the previous window with a bell or activity marker.
快捷键可以通过bind-key和unbind-key指令来实现绑定和解除。
tmux命令中的command参数
本节描述了tmux支持的一系列指令，大多数指令接受一个可选的-t参数（有时是-s参数），该参数指明指令发生作用的目标客户端、目标会话、目标窗口或者目标面板。下面描述目标客户端、目标会话、目标窗口、目标面板的表达方式。
目标客户端
目标客户端指的是该客户端连接的pty文件的名字，例如当客户端连接的是/dev/ttyp1时，它的取值是/dev/ttyp1。如果没有指定目标客户端，tmux指令将只对当前客户端起作用。目标客户端可以通过list-clients命令来查看。
目标会话
目标会话的取值有如下四种形式，tmux将依次尝试解析这些取值:
- 以
$开头的会话ID. - 一个完全匹配的会话名称（通过list-sessions命令查看）
- 会话名称的前缀（通过list-sessions命令查看）
- An fnmatch(3) pattern which is matched against the session name.
如果会话名称以“=”作为前缀，只有完全匹配的会话名称才有效。
在上述过程中，如果只找到一个符合条件的会话，该会话即被当做目标会话，如果符合条件的会话不唯一会报错。如果没有满足条件的会话，最近使用的那个会话将被作为目标会话。
目标窗口
目标窗口通过session:window的形式进行指明，其中session的语法和目标会话规则一致，目标窗口按照如下顺序确定：
- 一个如下列出的标识符
- 窗口下标，例如：mysession:1，表示mysession中的第一个窗口
- 窗口的ID，例如
@1 - 窗口名称，例如‘mysession:mywindow’.
- 窗口名称的前缀，例如 ‘mysession:mywin’指代‘mysession:mywindow’.
- As an fnmatch(3) pattern matched against the window name.
和目标会话一样，以“=”作为前缀的标识符表示精确匹配。
此外，下列特殊符号也可以指代窗口：
Token Meaning
{start} ^ The lowest-numbered window
{end} $ The highest-numbered window
{last} ! The last (previously current) window
{next} + The next window by number
{previous} - The previous window by number
目标面板
目标面板可以是一个面板ID，它的格式和目标窗口相似，但是包含一个额外的下标，例如‘mysession:mywindow.1’。如果下标被省略，那么目标面板默认为窗口当前活跃的面板。
和目标窗口一样，目标面板也提供了一些特殊符号指代面板：
Token Meaning
{last} ! The last (previously active) pane
{next} + The next pane by number
{previous} - The previous pane by number
{top} The top pane
{bottom} The bottom pane
{left} The leftmost pane
{right} The rightmost pane
{top-left} The top-left pane
{top-right} The top-right pane
{bottom-left} The bottom-left pane
{bottom-right} The bottom-right pane
{up-of} The pane above the active pane
{down-of} The pane below the active pane
{left-of} The pane to the left of the active pane
{right-of} The pane to the right of the active pane
其中，“+”和“-”可以跟上一个偏移量，例如：select-window -t:+2
此外
In addition, target-session, target-window or target-pane may consist
entirely of the token ‘{mouse}’ (alternative form ‘=’) to specify the
most recent mouse event (see the MOUSE SUPPORT section) or ‘{marked}’
(alternative form ‘~’) to specify the marked pane (see select-pane -m).
在tmux中，会话、窗口、面板每一个组件都会使用一个独一无二的ID进行表示。会话的ID以$开头，窗口的ID以@开头，面板的ID以%开头，这些ID在会话、窗口、面板的生命周期内都不会发生改变，也就是说这些ID是伴随它们一生的东西，就像人的身份证号一样。面板ID通过环境变量TMUX_PANE来传递给子进程。要想查看这些ID，可以阅读下文的“格式”一节，也可以使用display-message、list-sessions、list-windows、list-panes等命令进行查看。
shell-command参数是sh(1)版本的命令，它的取值可以是一个单独的命令，例如：
new-window 'vi /etc/passwd'
将会执行
/bin/sh -c 'vi /etc/passwd'
此外，new-window,new-session,split-window,respawn-window和respawn-pane命令允许shell-command给出多个参数并立即执行，这种方式可以避免书写引号，例如：
$ tmux new-window vi /etc/passwd
将会在不启动shell的情况下，执行直接执行vi程序。
command [arguments] refers to a tmux command, passed with the command and arguments separately, for example:
bind-key F1 set-window-option force-width 81
Or if using sh(1):
$ tmux bind-key F1 set-window-option force-width 81
Multiple commands may be specified together as part of a command
sequence. Each command should be separated by spaces and a semicolon;
commands are executed sequentially from left to right and lines ending
with a backslash continue on to the next line, except when escaped by
another backslash. A literal semicolon may be included by escaping it
with a backslash (for example, when specifying a command sequence to
bind-key).
Example tmux commands include:
refresh-client -t/dev/ttyp2
rename-session -tfirst newname
set-window-option -t:0 monitor-activity on
new-window ; split-window -d
bind-key R source-file ~/.tmux.conf ;
display-message "source-file done"
Or from sh(1):
$ tmux kill-window -t :1
$ tmux new-window ; split-window -d
$ tmux new-session -d 'vi /etc/passwd' ; split-window -d ; attach
客户端和会话
tmux服务管理一堆客户端、会话、窗口、面板。客户端是绑定到会话的，用户可以通过客户端来和会话进行交流。每个会话有至少一个窗口，否则这个会话就关闭了。一个窗口可以关联到多个会话，一个窗口包含至少一个面板，每个面板包含一个伪终端（pseudo terminal）。关于创建、关联、操作窗口的命令在下文的“窗口和面板”一节有详细介绍。
下列命令可以用来管理客户端和会话：
- attach-session：关联到会话
(别名: attach)
attach-session [-dEr] [-c working-directory] [-t target-session]
如果从tmux外面执行，此命令将会创建一个客户端并将客户端连接到目标session；如果在tmux内部运行此命令，切换当前客户端。如果-d参数被指定，任意一个连接到该session的其它客户端将会解除连接。-r参数表示客户端是只读的。
If no server is started, attach-session will attempt to start it;this will fail unless sessions are created in the configuration file.
The target-session rules for attach-session are slightly adjusted: if tmux needs to select the most recently used session, it will prefer the most recently used unattached session.
-c will set the session working directory (used for new windows) to working-directory.
If -E is used, update-environment option will not be applied.
- detach-client
detach-client [-P] [-a] [-s target-session] [-t target-client]
(alias: detach)
Detach the current client if bound to a key, the client specified with -t, or all clients currently attached to the session specified by -s. The -a option kills all but the client given with -t. If -P is given, send SIGHUP to the parent process of the client, typically causing it to exit. - has-session：是否存在会话
has-session [-t target-session]
(alias: has)
Report an error and exit with 1 if the specified session does not exist. If it does exist, exit with 0. - kill-server
Kill the tmux server and clients and destroy all sessions. - kill-session
kill-session [-a] [-t target-session]
Destroy the given session, closing any windows linked to it and no other sessions, and detaching all clients attached to it. If -a is given, all sessions but the specified one is killed. - list-clients
list-clients [-F format] [-t target-session]
(alias: lsc)
List all clients attached to the server. For the meaning of the -F flag, see the FORMATS section. If target-session is specified, list only clients connected to that session. - list-commands
list-commands
(alias: lscm)
List the syntax of all commands supported by tmux. - list-sessions
list-sessions [-F format]
(alias: ls)
List all sessions managed by the server. For the meaning of the -F flag，see the FORMATS section. - list-client
lock-client [-t target-client]
(alias: lockc)
Lock target-client, see the lock-server command. - lock-session
lock-session [-t target-session]
(alias: locks)
Lock all clients attached to target-session. - new-session
new-session [-AdDEP] [-c start-directory] [-F format] [-n window-name]
[-s session-name] [-t target-session] [-x width] [-y height]
[shell-command]
(alias: new)
Create a new session with name session-name.
The new session is attached to the current terminal unless -d is given. window-name and shell-command are the name of and shell command to execute in the initial window. If -d is used, -x and -y specify the size of the initial window (80 by 24 if not given).
If run from a terminal, any termios(3) special characters are saved and used for new windows in the new session.
The -A flag makes new-session behave like attach-session if session-name already exists; in this case, -D behaves like -d to attach-session.
If -t is given, the new session is grouped with target-session. This means they share the same set of windows - all windows from target-session are linked to the new session and any subsequent new windows or windows being closed are applied to both sessions. The current and previous window and any session options remain independent and either session may be killed without affecting the other. Giving -n or shell-command are invalid if -t is used.
The -P option prints information about the new session after it has been created. By default, it uses the format ‘#{session_name}:’ but a different format may be specified with -F.
If -E is used, update-environment option will not be applied. update-environment.
* refresh-client
refresh-client [-S] [-t target-client]
(alias: refresh)
Refresh the current client if bound to a key, or a single client if one is given with -t. If -S is specified, only update the client's status bar.
* rename-session
rename-session [-t target-session] new-name
(alias: rename)
Rename the session to new-name.
* show-messages
show-messages [-IJT] [-t target-client]
(alias: showmsgs)
Show client messages or server information. Any messages displayed on the status line are saved in a per-client message log,up to a maximum of the limit set by the message-limit server option. With -t, display the log for target-client. -I, -J and -T show debugging information about the running server, jobs and terminals.
* source-file path
(alias: source)
Execute commands from path.
* start-server
start-server
(alias: start)
Start the tmux server, if not already running, without creating any sessions.
* suspend-client
suspend-client [-t target-client]
(alias: suspendc)
Suspend a client by sending SIGTSTP (tty stop).
* switch-client
switch-client [-Elnpr] [-c target-client] [-t target-session] [-T key-table]
(alias: switchc)
Switch the current session for client target-client to target-session. If -l, -n or -p is used, the client is moved to
the last, next or previous session respectively. -r toggles whether a client is read-only (see the attach-session command).
If -E is used, update-environment option will not be applied.
-T sets the client's key table; the next key from the client will be interpreted from key-table. This may be used to configure multiple prefix keys, or to bind commands to sequences of keys.
For example, to make typing ‘abc’ run the list-keys command:
bind-key -Ttable2 c list-keys
bind-key -Ttable1 b switch-client -Ttable2
bind-key -Troot a switch-client -Ttable1
# 窗口和面板
A tmux window may be in one of several modes. The default permits direct
access to the terminal attached to the window. The other is copy mode,
which permits a section of a window or its history to be copied to a
paste buffer for later insertion into another window. This mode is
entered with the copy-mode command, bound to ‘[’ by default. It is also
entered when a command that produces output, such as list-keys, is exe‐
cuted from a key binding.
The keys available depend on whether emacs or vi mode is selected (see
the mode-keys option). The following keys are supported as appropriate
for the mode:
Function vi emacs
Append selection A
Back to indentation ^ M-m
Bottom of history G M-<
Clear selection Escape C-g
Copy selection Enter M-w
Copy to named buffer "
Cursor down j Down
Cursor left h Left
Cursor right l Right
Cursor to bottom line L
Cursor to middle line M M-r
Cursor to top line H M-R
Cursor up k Up
Delete entire line d C-u
Delete/Copy to end of line D C-k
End of line $ C-e
Go to line : g
Half page down C-d M-Down
Half page up C-u M-Up
Jump again ; ;
Jump again in reverse , ,
Jump backward F F
Jump forward f f
Jump to backward T
Jump to forward t
Next page C-f Page down
Next space W
Next space, end of word E
Next word w
Next word end e M-f
Other end of selection o
Paste buffer p C-y
Previous page C-b Page up
Previous space B
Previous word b M-b
Quit mode q Escape
Rectangle toggle v R
Scroll down C-Down or C-e C-Down
Scroll up C-Up or C-y C-Up
Search again n n
Search again in reverse N N
Search backward ? C-r
Search forward / C-s
Select line V
Start of line 0 C-a
Start selection Space C-Space
Top of history g M->
Transpose characters C-t
The next and previous word keys use space and the ‘-’, ‘_’ and ‘@’ char‐
acters as word delimiters by default, but this can be adjusted by setting
the word-separators session option. Next word moves to the start of the
next word, next word end to the end of the next word and previous word to
the start of the previous word. The three next and previous space keys
work similarly but use a space alone as the word separator.
The jump commands enable quick movement within a line. For instance,
typing ‘f’ followed by ‘/’ will move the cursor to the next ‘/’ character
on the current line. A ‘;’ will then jump to the next occurrence.
Commands in copy mode may be prefaced by an optional repeat count. With
vi key bindings, a prefix is entered using the number keys; with emacs,
the Alt (meta) key and a number begins prefix entry. For example, to
move the cursor forward by ten words, use ‘M-1 0 M-f’ in emacs mode, and
‘10w’ in vi.
Mode key bindings are defined in a set of named tables: vi-edit and
emacs-edit for keys used when line editing at the command prompt;
vi-choice and emacs-choice for keys used when choosing from lists (such
as produced by the choose-window command); and vi-copy and emacs-copy
used in copy mode. The tables may be viewed with the list-keys command
and keys modified or removed with bind-key and unbind-key. If
append-selection, copy-selection, or start-named-buffer are given the -x
flag, tmux will not exit copy mode after copying. copy-pipe copies the
selection and pipes it to a command. For example the following will bind
‘C-w’ not to exit after copying and ‘C-q’ to copy the selection into /tmp
as well as the paste buffer:
bind-key -temacs-copy C-w copy-selection -x
bind-key -temacs-copy C-q copy-pipe "cat >/tmp/out"
The paste buffer key pastes the first line from the top paste buffer on
the stack.
The synopsis for the copy-mode command is:
copy-mode [-Meu] [-t target-pane]
Enter copy mode. The -u option scrolls one page up. -M begins a
mouse drag (only valid if bound to a mouse key binding, see MOUSE
SUPPORT). -e specifies that scrolling to the bottom of the his‐
tory (to the visible screen) should exit copy mode. While in
copy mode, pressing a key other than those used for scrolling
will disable this behaviour. This is intended to allow fast
scrolling through a pane's history, for example with:
bind PageUp copy-mode -eu
Each window displayed by tmux may be split into one or more panes; each
pane takes up a certain area of the display and is a separate terminal.
A window may be split into panes using the split-window command. Windows
may be split horizontally (with the -h flag) or vertically. Panes may be
resized with the resize-pane command (bound to ‘C-up’, ‘C-down’ ‘C-left’
and ‘C-right’ by default), the current pane may be changed with the
select-pane command and the rotate-window and swap-pane commands may be
used to swap panes without changing their position. Panes are numbered
beginning from zero in the order they are created.
A number of preset layouts are available. These may be selected with the
select-layout command or cycled with next-layout (bound to ‘Space’ by
default); once a layout is chosen, panes within it may be moved and
resized as normal.
The following layouts are supported:
* even-horizontal
Panes are spread out evenly from left to right across the window.
* even-vertical
Panes are spread evenly from top to bottom.
* main-horizontal
A large (main) pane is shown at the top of the window and the remaining panes are spread from left to right in the leftover space at the bottom. Use the main-pane-height window option to specify the height of the top pane.
* main-vertical
Similar to main-horizontal but the large pane is placed on the left and the others spread from top to bottom along the right.
See the main-pane-width window option.
* tiled
Panes are spread out as evenly as possible over the window in both rows and columns.
In addition, select-layout may be used to apply a previously used layout
- the list-windows command displays the layout of each window in a form
suitable for use with select-layout. For example:
```plain
$ tmux list-windows
0: ksh [159x48]
layout: bb62,159x48,0,0{79x48,0,0,79x48,80,0}
$ tmux select-layout bb62,159x48,0,0{79x48,0,0,79x48,80,0}
tmux automatically adjusts the size of the layout for the current window
size. Note that a layout cannot be applied to a window with more panes
than that from which the layout was originally defined.
Commands related to windows and panes are as follows:
break-pane
break-pane [-dP] [-F format] [-s src-pane] [-t dst-pane]
(alias: breakp)
Break src-pane off from its containing window to make it the only pane in dst-window. If -d is given, the new window does not
become the current window. The -P option prints information about the new window after it has been created. By default, it
uses the format ‘#{session_name}:#{window_index}’ but a different format may be specified with -F.-
capture-pane [-aepPq] [-b buffer-name] [-E end-line] [-S start-line] [-t target-pane]
(alias: capturep)
Capture the contents of a pane. If -p is given, the output goes to stdout, otherwise to the buffer specified with -b or a new buffer if omitted. If -a is given, the alternate screen is used, and the history is not accessible. If no alternate screen exists, an error will be returned unless -q is given. If -e is given, the output includes escape sequences for text and background attributes. -C also escapes non-printable characters as octal \xxx. -J joins wrapped lines and preserves trailing spaces at each line's end. -P captures only any output that the pane has received that is the beginning of an as-yet incomplete escape sequence.-S and -E specify the starting and ending line numbers, zero is the first line of the visible pane and negative numbers are lines in the history. ‘-’ to -S is the start of the history and to -E the end of the visible pane. The default is to capture only the visible contents of the pane.
choose-client
choose-client [-F format] [-t target-window] [template]
Put a window into client choice mode, allowing a client to be selected interactively from a list. After a client is chosen, ‘%%’ is replaced by the client pty(7) path in template and the result executed as a command. If template is not given, "detach- client -t '%%'" is used. For the meaning of the -F flag, see the FORMATS section. This command works only if at least one client is attached.choose-session
choose-session [-F format] [-t target-window] [template]
Put a window into session choice mode, where a session may be selected interactively from a list. When one is chosen, ‘%%’ is replaced by the session name in template and the result executed as a command. If template is not given, "switch-client -t '%%'" is used. For the meaning of the -F flag, see the FORMATS section. This command works only if at least one client is attached.-
choose-tree
choose-tree [-suw] [-b session-template] [-c window-template] [-S format] [-W format] [-t target-window]
Put a window into tree choice mode, where either sessions or windows may be selected interactively from a list. By default, windows belonging to a session are indented to show their relationship to a session.Note that the choose-window and choose-session commands are wrappers around choose-tree.
If -s is given, will show sessions. If -w is given, will show windows.
By default, the tree is collapsed and sessions must be expanded to windows with the right arrow key. The -u option will start with all sessions expanded instead.
If -b is given, will override the default session command. Note that ‘%%’ can be used and will be replaced with the session name. The default option if not specified is "switch-client -t '%%'".
If -c is given, will override the default window command. Like -b, ‘%%’ can be used and will be replaced with the session name and window index. When a window is chosen from the list, the session command is run before the window command.
If -S is given will display the specified format instead of the default session format. If -W is given will display the specified format instead of the default window format. For the meaning of the -s and -w options, see the FORMATS section.
This command works only if at least one client is attached.
- choose-window
choose-window [-F format] [-t target-window] [template]
Put a window into window choice mode, where a window may be cho‐
sen interactively from a list. After a window is selected, ‘%%’
is replaced by the session name and window index in template and
the result executed as a command. If template is not given,
"select-window -t '%%'" is used. For the meaning of the -F flag,
see the FORMATS section. This command works only if at least one
client is attached. - display-panes
display-panes [-t target-client]
(alias: displayp)
Display a visible indicator of each pane shown by target-client.
See the display-panes-time, display-panes-colour, and
display-panes-active-colour session options. While the indicator
is on screen, a pane may be selected with the ‘0’ to ‘9’ keys. - find-windows
find-window [-CNT] [-F format] [-t target-window] match-string
(alias: findw)
Search for the fnmatch(3) pattern match-string in window names,
titles, and visible content (but not history). The flags control
matching behavior: -C matches only visible window contents, -N
matches only the window name and -T matches only the window
title. The default is -CNT. If only one window is matched,
it'll be automatically selected, otherwise a choice list is
shown. For the meaning of the -F flag, see the FORMATS section.
This command works only if at least one client is attached. - join-pane
join-pane [-bdhv] [-l size | -p percentage] [-s src-pane] [-t dst-pane]
(alias: joinp)
Like split-window, but instead of splitting dst-pane and creating
a new pane, split it and move src-pane into the space. This can
be used to reverse break-pane. The -b option causes src-pane to
be joined to left of or above dst-pane.
If -s is omitted and a marked pane is present (see select-pane
-m), the marked pane is used rather than the current pane.
- kill-pane
kill-pane [-a] [-t target-pane]
(alias: killp)
Destroy the given pane. If no panes remain in the containing
window, it is also destroyed. The -a option kills all but the
pane given with -t. - kill-window
kill-window [-a] [-t target-window]
(alias: killw)
Kill the current window or the window at target-window, removing
it from any sessions to which it is linked. The -a option kills
all but the window given with -t. - last-pane
last-pane [-de] [-t target-window]
(alias: lastp)
Select the last (previously selected) pane. -e enables or -d
disables input to the pane. - last-window
last-window [-t target-session]
(alias: last)
Select the last (previously selected) window. If no
target-session is specified, select the last window of the cur‐
rent session. - link-window
link-window [-adk] [-s src-window] [-t dst-window]
(alias: linkw)
Link the window at src-window to the specified dst-window. If
dst-window is specified and no such window exists, the src-window
is linked there. With -a, the window is moved to the next index
up (following windows are moved if necessary). If -k is given
and dst-window exists, it is killed, otherwise an error is gener‐
ated. If -d is given, the newly linked window is not selected. - list-panes
list-panes [-as] [-F format] [-t target]
(alias: lsp)
If -a is given, target is ignored and all panes on the server are
listed. If -s is given, target is a session (or the current ses‐
sion). If neither is given, target is a window (or the current
window). For the meaning of the -F flag, see the FORMATS sec‐
tion. - list-windows
list-windows [-a] [-F format] [-t target-session]
(alias: lsw)
If -a is given, list all windows on the server. Otherwise, list
windows in the current session or in target-session. For the
meaning of the -F flag, see the FORMATS section. - move-pane
move-pane [-bdhv] [-l size | -p percentage] [-s src-pane] [-t dst-pane]
(alias: movep)
Like join-pane, but src-pane and dst-pane may belong to the same
window. - move-window
move-window [-ardk] [-s src-window] [-t dst-window]
(alias: movew)
This is similar to link-window, except the window at src-window
is moved to dst-window. With -r, all windows in the session are
renumbered in sequential order, respecting the base-index option. - new-window
new-window [-adkP] [-c start-directory] [-F format] [-n window-name] [-t
target-window] [shell-command]
(alias: neww)
Create a new window. With -a, the new window is inserted at the
next index up from the specified target-window, moving windows up
if necessary, otherwise target-window is the new window location.
If -d is given, the session does not make the new window the cur‐
rent window. target-window represents the window to be created;
if the target already exists an error is shown, unless the -k
flag is used, in which case it is destroyed. shell-command is
the command to execute. If shell-command is not specified, the
value of the default-command option is used. -c specifies the
working directory in which the new window is created.
When the shell command completes, the window closes. See the
remain-on-exit option to change this behaviour.
The TERM environment variable must be set to “screen” for all
programs running inside tmux. New windows will automatically
have “TERM=screen” added to their environment, but care must be
taken not to reset this in shell start-up files.
The -P option prints information about the new window after it
has been created. By default, it uses the format
‘#{session_name}:#{window_index}’ but a different format may be
specified with -F.
- next-layout
next-layout [-t target-window]
(alias: nextl)
Move a window to the next layout and rearrange the panes to fit. - next-window
next-window [-a] [-t target-session]
(alias: next)
Move to the next window in the session. If -a is used, move to the next window with an alert. - pipe-pane
pipe-pane [-o] [-t target-pane] [shell-command]
(alias: pipep)
Pipe any output sent by the program in target-pane to a shell
command. A pane may only be piped to one command at a time, any
existing pipe is closed before shell-command is executed. The
shell-command string may contain the special character sequences
supported by the status-left option. If no shell-command is
given, the current pipe (if any) is closed.
The -o option only opens a new pipe if no previous pipe exists,
allowing a pipe to be toggled with a single key, for example:
bind-key C-p pipe-pane -o 'cat >>~/output.#I-#P'
- previous-layout
previous-layout [-t target-window]
(alias: prevl)
Move to the previous layout in the session. - previous-window
previous-window [-a] [-t target-session]
(alias: prev)
Move to the previous window in the session. With -a, move to the
previous window with an alert. - rename-window
rename-window [-t target-window] new-name
(alias: renamew)
Rename the current window, or the window at target-window if
specified, to new-name. - resize-pane
resize-pane [-DLMRUZ] [-t target-pane] [-x width] [-y height]
[adjustment]
(alias: resizep)
Resize a pane, up, down, left or right by adjustment with -U, -D,
-L or -R, or to an absolute size with -x or -y. The adjustment
is given in lines or cells (the default is 1).
With -Z, the active pane is toggled between zoomed (occupying the
whole of the window) and unzoomed (its normal position in the
layout).
-M begins mouse resizing (only valid if bound to a mouse key
binding, see MOUSE SUPPORT).
- respawn-pane
respawn-pane [-k] [-t target-pane] [shell-command]
(alias: respawnp)
Reactivate a pane in which the command has exited (see the
remain-on-exit window option). If shell-command is not given,
the command used when the pane was created is executed. The pane
must be already inactive, unless -k is given, in which case any
existing command is killed. - respawn-window
respawn-window [-k] [-t target-window] [shell-command]
(alias: respawnw)
Reactivate a window in which the command has exited (see the
remain-on-exit window option). If shell-command is not given,
the command used when the window was created is executed. The
window must be already inactive, unless -k is given, in which
case any existing command is killed. - rotate-window
rotate-window [-DU] [-t target-window]
(alias: rotatew)
Rotate the positions of the panes within a window, either upward
(numerically lower) with -U or downward (numerically higher). - select-layout
select-layout [-nop] [-t target-window] [layout-name]
(alias: selectl)
Choose a specific layout for a window. If layout-name is not
given, the last preset layout used (if any) is reapplied. -n and
-p are equivalent to the next-layout and previous-layout com‐
mands. -o applies the last set layout if possible (undoes the
most recent layout change). - select-pane
select-pane [-DdegLlMmRU] [-P style] [-t target-pane]
(alias: selectp)
Make pane target-pane the active pane in window target-window, or
set its style (with -P). If one of -D, -L, -R, or -U is used,
respectively the pane below, to the left, to the right, or above
the target pane is used. -l is the same as using the last-pane
command. -e enables or -d disables input to the pane.
-m and -M are used to set and clear the marked pane. There is
one marked pane at a time, setting a new marked pane clears the
last. The marked pane is the default target for -s to join-pane,
swap-pane and swap-window.
Each pane has a style: by default the window-style and
window-active-style options are used, select-pane -P sets the
style for a single pane. For example, to set the pane 1 back‐
ground to red:
select-pane -t:.1 -P 'bg=red'
-g shows the current pane style.
- select-window [-lnpT] [-t target-window]
(alias: selectw)
Select the window at target-window. -l, -n and -p are equivalent
to the last-window, next-window and previous-window commands. If
-T is given and the selected window is already the current win‐
dow, the command behaves like last-window. - split-window
split-window [-bdhvP] [-c start-directory] [-l size | -p percentage] [-t
target-pane] [shell-command] [-F format]
(alias: splitw)
Create a new pane by splitting target-pane: -h does a horizontal
split and -v a vertical split; if neither is specified, -v is
assumed. The -l and -p options specify the size of the new pane
in lines (for vertical split) or in cells (for horizontal split),
or as a percentage, respectively. The -b option causes the new
pane to be created to the left of or above target-pane. All
other options have the same meaning as for the new-window com‐
mand. - swap-pane
swap-pane [-dDU] [-s src-pane] [-t dst-pane]
(alias: swapp)
Swap two panes. If -U is used and no source pane is specified
with -s, dst-pane is swapped with the previous pane (before it
numerically); -D swaps with the next pane (after it numerically).
-d instructs tmux not to change the active pane.
If -s is omitted and a marked pane is present (see select-pane
-m), the marked pane is used rather than the current pane.
- swap-window
swap-window [-d] [-s src-window] [-t dst-window]
(alias: swapw)
This is similar to link-window, except the source and destination
windows are swapped. It is an error if no window exists at
src-window.
Like swap-pane, if -s is omitted and a marked pane is present
(see select-pane -m), the window containing the marked pane is
used rather than the current window.
- unlink-window
unlink-window [-k] [-t target-window]
(alias: unlinkw)
Unlink target-window. Unless -k is given, a window may be
unlinked only if it is linked to multiple sessions - windows may
not be linked to no sessions; if -k is specified and the window
is linked to only one session, it is unlinked and destroyed.
键盘绑定
tmux allows a command to be bound to most keys, with or without a prefix
key. When specifying keys, most represent themselves (for example ‘A’ to
‘Z’). Ctrl keys may be prefixed with ‘C-’ or ‘^’, and Alt (meta) with
‘M-’. In addition, the following special key names are accepted: Up,
Down, Left, Right, BSpace, BTab, DC (Delete), End, Enter, Escape, F1 to
F12, Home, IC (Insert), NPage/PageDown/PgDn, PPage/PageUp/PgUp, Space,
and Tab. Note that to bind the ‘"’ or ‘'’ keys, quotation marks are nec‐
essary, for example:
bind-key '"' split-window
bind-key "'" new-window
Commands related to key bindings are as follows:
bind-key [-cnr] [-t mode-table] [-T key-table] key command [arguments]
(alias: bind)
Bind key key to command. Keys are bound in a key table. By
default (without -T), the key is bound in the prefix key table.
This table is used for keys pressed after the prefix key (for
example, by default ‘c’ is bound to new-window in the prefix ta‐
ble, so ‘C-b c’ creates a new window). The root table is used
for keys pressed without the prefix key: binding ‘c’ to
new-window in the root table (not recommended) means a plain ‘c’
will create a new window. -n is an alias for -T root. Keys may
also be bound in custom key tables and the switch-client -T com‐
mand used to switch to them from a key binding. The -r flag
indicates this key may repeat, see the repeat-time option.
If -t is present, key is bound in mode-table: the binding for
command mode with -c or for normal mode without. See the WINDOWS
AND PANES section and the list-keys command for information on
mode key bindings.
To view the default bindings and possible commands, see the
list-keys command.
list-keys [-t mode-table] [-T key-table]
(alias: lsk)
List all key bindings. Without -T all key tables are printed.
With -T only key-table.
With -t, the key bindings in mode-table are listed; this may be
one of: vi-edit, emacs-edit, vi-choice, emacs-choice, vi-copy or
emacs-copy.
send-keys [-lMR] [-t target-pane] key ...
(alias: send)
Send a key or keys to a window. Each argument key is the name of
the key (such as ‘C-a’ or ‘npage’ ) to send; if the string is not
recognised as a key, it is sent as a series of characters. The
-l flag disables key name lookup and sends the keys literally.
All arguments are sent sequentially from first to last. The -R
flag causes the terminal state to be reset.
-M passes through a mouse event (only valid if bound to a mouse
key binding, see MOUSE SUPPORT).
send-prefix [-2] [-t target-pane]
Send the prefix key, or with -2 the secondary prefix key, to a
window as if it was pressed.
unbind-key [-acn] [-t mode-table] [-T key-table] key
(alias: unbind)
Unbind the command bound to key. -c, -n, -T and -t are the same
as for bind-key. If -a is present, all key bindings are removed.
选项
The appearance and behaviour of tmux may be modified by changing the
value of various options. There are three types of option: server
options, session options and window options.
The tmux server has a set of global options which do not apply to any
particular window or session. These are altered with the set-option -s
command, or displayed with the show-options -s command.
In addition, each individual session may have a set of session options,
and there is a separate set of global session options. Sessions which do
not have a particular option configured inherit the value from the global
session options. Session options are set or unset with the set-option
command and may be listed with the show-options command. The available
server and session options are listed under the set-option command.
Similarly, a set of window options is attached to each window, and there
is a set of global window options from which any unset options are inher‐
ited. Window options are altered with the set-window-option command and
can be listed with the show-window-options command. All window options
are documented with the set-window-option command.
tmux also supports user options which are prefixed with a ‘@’. User
options may have any name, so long as they are prefixed with ‘@’, and be
set to any string. For example:
$ tmux setw -q @foo "abc123"
$ tmux showw -v @foo
abc123
Commands which set options are as follows:
set-option [-agoqsuw] [-t target-session | target-window] option value
(alias: set)
Set a window option with -w (equivalent to the set-window-option
command), a server option with -s, otherwise a session option.
If -g is given, the global session or window option is set. The
-u flag unsets an option, so a session inherits the option from
the global options (or with -g, restores a global option to the
default).
The -o flag prevents setting an option that is already set and
the -q flag suppresses errors about unknown or ambiguous options.
With -a, and if the option expects a string or a style, value is
appended to the existing setting. For example:
set -g status-left "foo"
set -ag status-left "bar"
Will result in ‘foobar’. And:
set -g status-style "bg=red"
set -ag status-style "fg=blue"
Will result in a red background and blue foreground. Without -a,
the result would be the default background and a blue foreground.
Available window options are listed under set-window-option.
value depends on the option and may be a number, a string, or a
flag (on, off, or omitted to toggle).
Available server options are:
buffer-limit number
Set the number of buffers; as new buffers are added to
the top of the stack, old ones are removed from the bot‐
tom if necessary to maintain this maximum length.
default-terminal terminal
Set the default terminal for new windows created in this
session - the default value of the TERM environment vari‐
able. For tmux to work correctly, this must be set to
‘screen’, ‘tmux’ or a derivative of them.
escape-time time
Set the time in milliseconds for which tmux waits after
an escape is input to determine if it is part of a func‐
tion or meta key sequences. The default is 500 millisec‐
onds.
exit-unattached [on | off]
If enabled, the server will exit when there are no
attached clients.
focus-events [on | off]
When enabled, focus events are requested from the termi‐
nal if supported and passed through to applications run‐
ning in tmux. Attached clients should be detached and
attached again after changing this option.
history-file path
If not empty, a file to which tmux will write command
prompt history on exit and load it from on start.
message-limit number
Set the number of error or information messages to save
in the message log for each client. The default is 100.
set-clipboard [on | off]
Attempt to set the terminal clipboard content using the
\e]52;...\007 xterm(1) escape sequences. This option is
on by default if there is an Ms entry in the terminfo(5)
description for the client terminal. Note that this fea‐
ture needs to be enabled in xterm(1) by setting the
resource:
disallowedWindowOps: 20,21,SetXprop
Or changing this property from the xterm(1) interactive
menu when required.
terminal-overrides string
Contains a list of entries which override terminal
descriptions read using terminfo(5). string is a comma-
separated list of items each a colon-separated string
made up of a terminal type pattern (matched using
fnmatch(3)) and a set of name=value entries.
For example, to set the ‘clear’ terminfo(5) entry to
‘\e[H\e[2J’ for all terminal types and the ‘dch1’ entry
to ‘\e[P’ for the ‘rxvt’ terminal type, the option could
be set to the string:
"*:clear=\e[H\e[2J,rxvt:dch1=\e[P"
The terminal entry value is passed through strunvis(3)
before interpretation. The default value forcibly cor‐
rects the ‘colors’ entry for terminals which support 256
colours:
"*256col*:colors=256,xterm*:XT"
Available session options are:
assume-paste-time milliseconds
If keys are entered faster than one in milliseconds, they
are assumed to have been pasted rather than typed and
tmux key bindings are not processed. The default is one
millisecond and zero disables.
base-index index
Set the base index from which an unused index should be
searched when a new window is created. The default is
zero.
bell-action [any | none | current | other]
Set action on window bell. any means a bell in any win‐
dow linked to a session causes a bell in the current win‐
dow of that session, none means all bells are ignored,
current means only bells in windows other than the cur‐
rent window are ignored and other means bells in the cur‐
rent window are ignored but not those in other windows.
bell-on-alert [on | off]
If on, ring the terminal bell when an alert occurs.
default-command shell-command
Set the command used for new windows (if not specified
when the window is created) to shell-command, which may
be any sh(1) command. The default is an empty string,
which instructs tmux to create a login shell using the
value of the default-shell option.
default-shell path
Specify the default shell. This is used as the login
shell for new windows when the default-command option is
set to empty, and must be the full path of the exe‐
cutable. When started tmux tries to set a default value
from the first suitable of the SHELL environment vari‐
able, the shell returned by getpwuid(3), or /bin/sh.
This option should be configured when tmux is used as a
login shell.
destroy-unattached [on | off]
If enabled and the session is no longer attached to any
clients, it is destroyed.
detach-on-destroy [on | off]
If on (the default), the client is detached when the ses‐
sion it is attached to is destroyed. If off, the client
is switched to the most recently active of the remaining
sessions.
display-panes-active-colour colour
Set the colour used by the display-panes command to show
the indicator for the active pane.
display-panes-colour colour
Set the colour used by the display-panes command to show
the indicators for inactive panes.
display-panes-time time
Set the time in milliseconds for which the indicators
shown by the display-panes command appear.
display-time time
Set the amount of time for which status line messages and
other on-screen indicators are displayed. time is in
milliseconds.
history-limit lines
Set the maximum number of lines held in window history.
This setting applies only to new windows - existing win‐
dow histories are not resized and retain the limit at the
point they were created.
lock-after-time number
Lock the session (like the lock-session command) after
number seconds of inactivity. The default is not to lock
(set to 0).
lock-command shell-command
Command to run when locking each client. The default is
to run lock(1) with -np.
message-command-style style
Set status line message command style, where style is a
comma-separated list of characteristics to be specified.
These may be ‘bg=colour’ to set the background colour,
‘fg=colour’ to set the foreground colour, and a list of
attributes as specified below.
The colour is one of: black, red, green, yellow, blue,
magenta, cyan, white, aixterm bright variants (if sup‐
ported: brightred, brightgreen, and so on), colour0 to
colour255 from the 256-colour set, default, or a hexadec‐
imal RGB string such as ‘#ffffff’, which chooses the
closest match from the default 256-colour set.
The attributes is either none or a comma-delimited list
of one or more of: bright (or bold), dim, underscore,
blink, reverse, hidden, or italics, to turn an attribute
on, or an attribute prefixed with ‘no’ to turn one off.
Examples are:
fg=yellow,bold,underscore,blink
bg=black,fg=default,noreverse
With the -a flag to the set-option command the new style
is added otherwise the existing style is replaced.
message-style style
Set status line message style. For how to specify style,
see the message-command-style option.
mouse [on | off]
If on, tmux captures the mouse and allows mouse events to
be bound as key bindings. See the MOUSE SUPPORT section
for details.
mouse-utf8 [on | off]
If enabled, request mouse input as UTF-8 on UTF-8 termi‐
nals.
prefix key
Set the key accepted as a prefix key.
prefix2 key
Set a secondary key accepted as a prefix key.
renumber-windows [on | off]
If on, when a window is closed in a session, automati‐
cally renumber the other windows in numerical order.
This respects the base-index option if it has been set.
If off, do not renumber the windows.
repeat-time time
Allow multiple commands to be entered without pressing
the prefix-key again in the specified time milliseconds
(the default is 500). Whether a key repeats may be set
when it is bound using the -r flag to bind-key. Repeat
is enabled for the default keys bound to the resize-pane
command.
set-remain-on-exit [on | off]
Set the remain-on-exit window option for any windows
first created in this session. When this option is true,
windows in which the running program has exited do not
close, instead remaining open but inactivate. Use the
respawn-window command to reactivate such a window, or
the kill-window command to destroy it.
set-titles [on | off]
Attempt to set the client terminal title using the tsl
and fsl terminfo(5) entries if they exist. tmux automat‐
ically sets these to the \e]0;...\007 sequence if the
terminal appears to be xterm(1). This option is off by
default.
set-titles-string string
String used to set the window title if set-titles is on.
Formats are expanded, see the FORMATS section.
status [on | off]
Show or hide the status line.
status-interval interval
Update the status bar every interval seconds. By
default, updates will occur every 15 seconds. A setting
of zero disables redrawing at interval.
status-justify [left | centre | right]
Set the position of the window list component of the sta‐
tus line: left, centre or right justified.
status-keys [vi | emacs]
Use vi or emacs-style key bindings in the status line,
for example at the command prompt. The default is emacs,
unless the VISUAL or EDITOR environment variables are set
and contain the string ‘vi’.
status-left string
Display string (by default the session name) to the left
of the status bar. string will be passed through
strftime(3) and formats (see FORMATS) will be expanded.
It may also contain any of the following special charac‐
ter sequences:
Character pair Replaced with
#[attributes] Colour or attribute change
## A literal ‘#’
For details on how the names and titles can be set see
the NAMES AND TITLES section. For a list of allowed
attributes see the message-command-style option.
Examples are:
#(sysctl vm.loadavg)
#[fg=yellow,bold]#(apm -l)%%#[default] [#S]
By default, UTF-8 in string is not interpreted, to enable
UTF-8, use the status-utf8 option.
The default is ‘[#S] ’.
status-left-length length
Set the maximum length of the left component of the sta‐
tus bar. The default is 10.
status-left-style style
Set the style of the left part of the status line. For
how to specify style, see the message-command-style
option.
status-position [top | bottom]
Set the position of the status line.
status-right string
Display string to the right of the status bar. By
default, the current window title in double quotes, the
date and the time are shown. As with status-left, string
will be passed to strftime(3), character pairs are
replaced, and UTF-8 is dependent on the status-utf8
option.
status-right-length length
Set the maximum length of the right component of the sta‐
tus bar. The default is 40.
status-right-style style
Set the style of the right part of the status line. For
how to specify style, see the message-command-style
option.
status-style style
Set status line style. For how to specify style, see the
message-command-style option.
status-utf8 [on | off]
Instruct tmux to treat top-bit-set characters in the
status-left and status-right strings as UTF-8; notably,
this is important for wide characters. This option
defaults to off.
update-environment variables
Set a space-separated string containing a list of envi‐
ronment variables to be copied into the session environ‐
ment when a new session is created or an existing session
is attached. Any variables that do not exist in the
source environment are set to be removed from the session
environment (as if -r was given to the set-environment
command). The default is "DISPLAY SSH_ASKPASS
SSH_AUTH_SOCK SSH_AGENT_PID SSH_CONNECTION WINDOWID XAU‐
THORITY".
visual-activity [on | off]
If on, display a status line message when activity occurs
in a window for which the monitor-activity window option
is enabled.
visual-bell [on | off]
If this option is on, a message is shown on a bell
instead of it being passed through to the terminal (which
normally makes a sound). Also see the bell-action
option.
visual-silence [on | off]
If monitor-silence is enabled, prints a message after the
interval has expired on a given window.
word-separators string
Sets the session's conception of what characters are con‐
sidered word separators, for the purposes of the next and
previous word commands in copy mode. The default is
‘ -_@’.
set-window-option [-agoqu] [-t target-window] option value
(alias: setw)
Set a window option. The -a, -g, -o, -q and -u flags work simi‐
larly to the set-option command.
Supported window options are:
aggressive-resize [on | off]
Aggressively resize the chosen window. This means that
tmux will resize the window to the size of the smallest
session for which it is the current window, rather than
the smallest session to which it is attached. The window
may resize when the current window is changed on another
sessions; this option is good for full-screen programs
which support SIGWINCH and poor for interactive programs
such as shells.
allow-rename [on | off]
Allow programs to change the window name using a terminal
escape sequence (\033k...\033\\). The default is on.
alternate-screen [on | off]
This option configures whether programs running inside
tmux may use the terminal alternate screen feature, which
allows the smcup and rmcup terminfo(5) capabilities. The
alternate screen feature preserves the contents of the
window when an interactive application starts and
restores it on exit, so that any output visible before
the application starts reappears unchanged after it
exits. The default is on.
automatic-rename [on | off]
Control automatic window renaming. When this setting is
enabled, tmux will rename the window automatically using
the format specified by automatic-rename-format. This
flag is automatically disabled for an individual window
when a name is specified at creation with new-window or
new-session, or later with rename-window, or with a ter‐
minal escape sequence. It may be switched off globally
with:
set-window-option -g automatic-rename off
automatic-rename-format format
The format (see FORMATS) used when the automatic-rename
option is enabled.
clock-mode-colour colour
Set clock colour.
clock-mode-style [12 | 24]
Set clock hour format.
force-height height
force-width width
Prevent tmux from resizing a window to greater than width
or height. A value of zero restores the default unlim‐
ited setting.
main-pane-height height
main-pane-width width
Set the width or height of the main (left or top) pane in
the main-horizontal or main-vertical layouts.
mode-keys [vi | emacs]
Use vi or emacs-style key bindings in copy and choice
modes. As with the status-keys option, the default is
emacs, unless VISUAL or EDITOR contains ‘vi’.
mode-style style
Set window modes style. For how to specify style, see
the message-command-style option.
monitor-activity [on | off]
Monitor for activity in the window. Windows with activ‐
ity are highlighted in the status line.
monitor-silence [interval]
Monitor for silence (no activity) in the window within
interval seconds. Windows that have been silent for the
interval are highlighted in the status line. An interval
of zero disables the monitoring.
other-pane-height height
Set the height of the other panes (not the main pane) in
the main-horizontal layout. If this option is set to 0
(the default), it will have no effect. If both the
main-pane-height and other-pane-height options are set,
the main pane will grow taller to make the other panes
the specified height, but will never shrink to do so.
other-pane-width width
Like other-pane-height, but set the width of other panes
in the main-vertical layout.
pane-active-border-style style
Set the pane border style for the currently active pane.
For how to specify style, see the message-command-style
option. Attributes are ignored.
pane-base-index index
Like base-index, but set the starting index for pane num‐
bers.
pane-border-style style
Set the pane border style for panes aside from the active
pane. For how to specify style, see the
message-command-style option. Attributes are ignored.
remain-on-exit [on | off]
A window with this flag set is not destroyed when the
program running in it exits. The window may be reacti‐
vated with the respawn-window command.
synchronize-panes [on | off]
Duplicate input to any pane to all other panes in the
same window (only for panes that are not in any special
mode).
utf8 [on | off]
Instructs tmux to expect UTF-8 sequences to appear in
this window.
window-active-style style
Set the style for the window's active pane. For how to
specify style, see the message-command-style option.
window-status-activity-style style
Set status line style for windows with an activity alert.
For how to specify style, see the message-command-style
option.
window-status-bell-style style
Set status line style for windows with a bell alert. For
how to specify style, see the message-command-style
option.
window-status-current-format string
Like window-status-format, but is the format used when
the window is the current window.
window-status-current-style style
Set status line style for the currently active window.
For how to specify style, see the message-command-style
option.
window-status-format string
Set the format in which the window is displayed in the
status line window list. See the status-left option for
details of special character sequences available. The
default is ‘#I:#W#F’.
window-status-last-style style
Set status line style for the last active window. For
how to specify style, see the message-command-style
option.
window-status-separator string
Sets the separator drawn between windows in the status
line. The default is a single space character.
window-status-style style
Set status line style for a single window. For how to
specify style, see the message-command-style option.
window-style style
Set the default window style. For how to specify style,
see the message-command-style option.
xterm-keys [on | off]
If this option is set, tmux will generate xterm(1) -style
function key sequences; these have a number included to
indicate modifiers such as Shift, Alt or Ctrl. The
default is off.
wrap-search [on | off]
If this option is set, searches will wrap around the end
of the pane contents. The default is on.
show-options [-gqsvw] [-t target-session | target-window] [option]
(alias: show)
Show the window options (or a single window option if given) with
-w (equivalent to show-window-options), the server options with
-s, otherwise the session options for target session. Global
session or window options are listed if -g is used. -v shows
only the option value, not the name. If -q is set, no error will
be returned if option is unset.
show-window-options [-gv] [-t target-window] [option]
(alias: showw)
List the window options or a single option for target-window, or
the global window options if -g is used. -v shows only the
option value, not the name.
鼠标支持
If the mouse option is on (the default is off), tmux allows mouse events
to be bound as keys. The name of each key is made up of a mouse event
(such as ‘MouseUp1’) and a location suffix (one of ‘Pane’ for the con‐
tents of a pane, ‘Border’ for a pane border or ‘Status’ for the status
line). The following mouse events are available:
MouseDown1 MouseUp1 MouseDrag1
MouseDown2 MouseUp2 MouseDrag2
MouseDown3 MouseUp3 MouseDrag3
WheelUp WheelDown
Each should be suffixed with a location, for example ‘MouseDown1Status’.
The special token ‘{mouse}’ or ‘=’ may be used as target-window or
target-pane in commands bound to mouse key bindings. It resolves to the
window or pane over which the mouse event took place (for example, the
window in the status line over which button 1 was released for a
‘MouseUp1Status’ binding, or the pane over which the wheel was scrolled
for a ‘WheelDownPane’ binding).
The send-keys -M flag may be used to forward a mouse event to a pane.
The default key bindings allow the mouse to be used to select and resize
panes, to copy text and to change window using the status line. These
take effect if the mouse option is turned on.
格式
Certain commands accept the -F flag with a format argument. This is a
string which controls the output format of the command. Replacement
variables are enclosed in ‘#{’ and ‘}’, for example ‘#{session_name}’.
The possible variables are listed in the table below, or the name of a
tmux option may be used for an option's value. Some variables have a
shorter alias such as ‘#S’, and ‘##’ is replaced by a single ‘#’.
Conditionals are available by prefixing with ‘?’ and separating two
alternatives with a comma; if the specified variable exists and is not
zero, the first alternative is chosen, otherwise the second is used. For
example ‘#{?session_attached,attached,not attached}’ will include the
string ‘attached’ if the session is attached and the string ‘not
attached’ if it is unattached, or ‘#{?automatic-rename,yes,no}’ will
include ‘yes’ if automatic-rename is enabled, or ‘no’ if not. A limit
may be placed on the length of the resultant string by prefixing it by an
‘=’, a number and a colon, so ‘#{=10:pane_title}’ will include at most
the first 10 characters of the pane title.
In addition, the first line of a shell command's output may be inserted
using ‘#()’. For example, ‘#(uptime)’ will insert the system's uptime.
When constructing formats, tmux does not wait for ‘#()’ commands to fin‐
ish; instead, the previous result from running the same command is used,
or a placeholder if the command has not been run before. Commands are
executed with the tmux global environment set (see the ENVIRONMENT sec‐
tion).
The following variables are available, where appropriate:
Variable name Alias Replaced with
alternate_on If pane is in alternate screen
alternate_saved_x Saved cursor X in alternate screen
alternate_saved_y Saved cursor Y in alternate screen
buffer_sample Sample of start of buffer
buffer_size Size of the specified buffer in bytes
client_activity Integer time client last had activity
client_activity_string String time client last had activity
client_created Integer time client created
client_created_string String time client created
client_control_mode 1 if client is in control mode
client_height Height of client
client_last_session Name of the client's last session
client_pid PID of client process
client_prefix 1 if prefix key has been pressed
client_readonly 1 if client is readonly
client_session Name of the client's session
client_termname Terminal name of client
client_tty Pseudo terminal of client
client_utf8 1 if client supports utf8
client_width Width of client
cursor_flag Pane cursor flag
cursor_x Cursor X position in pane
cursor_y Cursor Y position in pane
history_bytes Number of bytes in window history
history_limit Maximum window history lines
history_size Size of history in bytes
host #H Hostname of local host
host_short #h Hostname of local host (no domain name)
insert_flag Pane insert flag
keypad_cursor_flag Pane keypad cursor flag
keypad_flag Pane keypad flag
line Line number in the list
mouse_any_flag Pane mouse any flag
mouse_button_flag Pane mouse button flag
mouse_standard_flag Pane mouse standard flag
mouse_utf8_flag Pane mouse UTF-8 flag
pane_active 1 if active pane
pane_bottom Bottom of pane
pane_current_command Current command if available
pane_current_path Current path if available
pane_dead 1 if pane is dead
pane_dead_status Exit status of process in dead pane
pane_height Height of pane
pane_id #D Unique pane ID
pane_in_mode If pane is in a mode
pane_input_off If input to pane is disabled
pane_index #P Index of pane
pane_left Left of pane
pane_pid PID of first process in pane
pane_right Right of pane
pane_start_command Command pane started with
pane_synchronized If pane is synchronized
pane_tabs Pane tab positions
pane_title #T Title of pane
pane_top Top of pane
pane_tty Pseudo terminal of pane
pane_width Width of pane
pid Server PID
scroll_region_lower Bottom of scroll region in pane
scroll_region_upper Top of scroll region in pane
session_alerts List of window indexes with alerts
session_attached Number of clients session is attached to
session_activity Integer time of session last activity
session_activity_string String time of session last activity
session_created Integer time session created
session_created_string String time session created
session_last_attached Integer time session last attached
session_last_attached_string String time session last attached
session_group Number of session group
session_grouped 1 if session in a group
session_height Height of session
session_id Unique session ID
session_many_attached 1 if multiple clients attached
session_name #S Name of session
session_width Width of session
session_windows Number of windows in session
window_activity Integer time of window last activity
window_activity_string String time of window last activity
window_active 1 if window active
window_activity_flag 1 if window has activity alert
window_bell_flag 1 if window has bell
window_find_matches Matched data from the find-window
window_flags #F Window flags
window_height Height of window
window_id Unique window ID
window_index #I Index of window
window_last_flag 1 if window is the last used
window_layout Window layout description
window_linked 1 if window is linked across sessions
window_name #W Name of window
window_panes Number of panes in window
window_silence_flag 1 if window has silence alert
window_width Width of window
window_zoomed_flag 1 if window is zoomed
wrap_flag Pane wrap flag
名称和标题
tmux distinguishes between names and titles. Windows and sessions have
names, which may be used to specify them in targets and are displayed in
the status line and various lists: the name is the tmux identifier for a
window or session. Only panes have titles. A pane's title is typically
set by the program running inside the pane and is not modified by tmux.
It is the same mechanism used to set for example the xterm(1) window
title in an X(7) window manager. Windows themselves do not have titles -
a window's title is the title of its active pane. tmux itself may set
the title of the terminal in which the client is running, see the
set-titles option.
A session's name is set with the new-session and rename-session commands.
A window's name is set with one of:
A command argument (such as -n for new-window or new-session).An escape sequence: $ printf '\033kWINDOW_NAME\033\\'Automatic renaming, which sets the name to the active command in
the window's active pane. See the automatic-rename option.
When a pane is first created, its title is the hostname. A pane's title
can be set via the OSC title setting sequence, for example:
$ printf '\033]2;My Title\033\\'
环境变量
When the server is started, tmux copies the environment into the global
environment; in addition, each session has a session environment. When a
window is created, the session and global environments are merged. If a
variable exists in both, the value from the session environment is used.
The result is the initial environment passed to the new process.
The update-environment session option may be used to update the session
environment from the client when a new session is created or an old reat‐
tached. tmux also initialises the TMUX variable with some internal
information to allow commands to be executed from inside, and the TERM
variable with the correct terminal setting of ‘screen’.
Commands to alter and view the environment are:
set-environment [-gru] [-t target-session] name [value]
(alias: setenv)
Set or unset an environment variable. If -g is used, the change
is made in the global environment; otherwise, it is applied to
the session environment for target-session. The -u flag unsets a
variable. -r indicates the variable is to be removed from the
environment before starting a new process.
show-environment [-gs] [-t target-session] [variable]
(alias: showenv)
Display the environment for target-session or the global environ‐
ment with -g. If variable is omitted, all variables are shown.
Variables removed from the environment are prefixed with ‘-’. If
-s is used, the output is formatted as a set of Bourne shell com‐
mands.
状态栏
tmux includes an optional status line which is displayed in the bottom
line of each terminal. By default, the status line is enabled (it may be
disabled with the status session option) and contains, from left-to-
right: the name of the current session in square brackets; the window
list; the title of the active pane in double quotes; and the time and
date.
The status line is made of three parts: configurable left and right sec‐
tions (which may contain dynamic content such as the time or output from
a shell command, see the status-left, status-left-length, status-right,
and status-right-length options below), and a central window list. By
default, the window list shows the index, name and (if any) flag of the
windows present in the current session in ascending numerical order. It
may be customised with the window-status-format and window-status-current-format options. The flag is one of the following
symbols appended to the window name:
Symbol Meaning
* Denotes the current window.
- Marks the last window (previously selected).
# Window is monitored and activity has been detected.
! A bell has occurred in the window.
~ The window has been silent for the monitor-silence
interval.
M The window contains the marked pane.
Z The window's active pane is zoomed.
The # symbol relates to the monitor-activity window option. The window
name is printed in inverted colours if an alert (bell, activity or
silence) is present.
The colour and attributes of the status line may be configured, the
entire status line using the status-style session option and individual
windows using the window-status-style window option.
The status line is automatically refreshed at interval if it has changed,
the interval may be controlled with the status-interval session option.
Commands related to the status line are as follows:
command-prompt [-I inputs] [-p prompts] [-t target-client] [template]
Open the command prompt in a client. This may be used from
inside tmux to execute commands interactively.
If template is specified, it is used as the command. If present,
-I is a comma-separated list of the initial text for each prompt.
If -p is given, prompts is a comma-separated list of prompts
which are displayed in order; otherwise a single prompt is dis‐
played, constructed from template if it is present, or ‘:’ if
not.
Both inputs and prompts may contain the special character
sequences supported by the status-left option.
Before the command is executed, the first occurrence of the
string ‘%%’ and all occurrences of ‘%1’ are replaced by the
response to the first prompt, the second ‘%%’ and all ‘%2’ are
replaced with the response to the second prompt, and so on for
further prompts. Up to nine prompt responses may be replaced
(‘%1’ to ‘%9’).
confirm-before [-p prompt] [-t target-client] command
(alias: confirm)
Ask for confirmation before executing command. If -p is given,
prompt is the prompt to display; otherwise a prompt is con‐
structed from command. It may contain the special character
sequences supported by the status-left option.
This command works only from inside tmux.
display-message [-p] [-c target-client] [-t target-pane] [message]
(alias: display)
Display a message. If -p is given, the output is printed to std‐
out, otherwise it is displayed in the target-client status line.
The format of message is described in the FORMATS section; infor‐
mation is taken from target-pane if -t is given, otherwise the
active pane for the session attached to target-client.
缓冲区
tmux maintains a set of named paste buffers. Each buffer may be either
explicitly or automatically named. Explicitly named buffers are named
when created with the set-buffer or load-buffer commands, or by renaming
an automatically named buffer with set-buffer -n. Automatically named
buffers are given a name such as ‘buffer0001’, ‘buffer0002’ and so on.
When the buffer-limit option is reached, the oldest automatically named
buffer is deleted. Explicitly named are not subject to buffer-limit and
may be deleted with delete-buffer command.
Buffers may be added using copy-mode or the set-buffer and load-buffer
commands, and pasted into a window using the paste-buffer command. If a
buffer command is used and no buffer is specified, the most recently
added automatically named buffer is assumed.
A configurable history buffer is also maintained for each window. By
default, up to 2000 lines are kept; this can be altered with the
history-limit option (see the set-option command above).
The buffer commands are as follows:
choose-buffer [-F format] [-t target-window] [template]
Put a window into buffer choice mode, where a buffer may be cho‐
sen interactively from a list. After a buffer is selected, ‘%%’
is replaced by the buffer name in template and the result exe‐
cuted as a command. If template is not given, "paste-buffer -b
'%%'" is used. For the meaning of the -F flag, see the FORMATS
section. This command works only if at least one client is
attached.
clear-history [-t target-pane]
(alias: clearhist)
Remove and free the history for the specified pane.
delete-buffer [-b buffer-name]
(alias: deleteb)
Delete the buffer named buffer-name, or the most recently added
automatically named buffer if not specified.
list-buffers [-F format]
(alias: lsb)
List the global buffers. For the meaning of the -F flag, see the
FORMATS section.
load-buffer [-b buffer-name] path
(alias: loadb)
Load the contents of the specified paste buffer from path.
paste-buffer [-dpr] [-b buffer-name] [-s separator] [-t target-pane]
(alias: pasteb)
Insert the contents of a paste buffer into the specified pane.
If not specified, paste into the current one. With -d, also
delete the paste buffer. When output, any linefeed (LF) charac‐
ters in the paste buffer are replaced with a separator, by
default carriage return (CR). A custom separator may be speci‐
fied using the -s flag. The -r flag means to do no replacement
(equivalent to a separator of LF). If -p is specified, paste
bracket control codes are inserted around the buffer if the
application has requested bracketed paste mode.
save-buffer [-a] [-b buffer-name] path
(alias: saveb)
Save the contents of the specified paste buffer to path. The -a
option appends to rather than overwriting the file.
set-buffer [-a] [-b buffer-name] [-n new-buffer-name] data
(alias: setb)
Set the contents of the specified buffer to data. The -a option
appends to rather than overwriting the buffer. The -n option
renames the buffer to new-buffer-name.
show-buffer [-b buffer-name]
(alias: showb)
Display the contents of the specified buffer.
杂项
Miscellaneous commands are as follows:
clock-mode [-t target-pane]
Display a large clock.
if-shell [-bF] [-t target-pane] shell-command command [command]
(alias: if)
Execute the first command if shell-command returns success or the
second command otherwise. Before being executed, shell-command
is expanded using the rules specified in the FORMATS section,
including those relevant to target-pane. With -b, shell-command
is run in the background.
If -F is given, shell-command is not executed but considered suc‐
cess if neither empty nor zero (after formats are expanded).
lock-server
(alias: lock)
Lock each client individually by running the command specified by
the lock-command option.
run-shell [-b] [-t target-pane] shell-command
(alias: run)
Execute shell-command in the background without creating a win‐
dow. Before being executed, shell-command is expanded using the
rules specified in the FORMATS section. With -b, the command is
run in the background. After it finishes, any output to stdout
is displayed in copy mode (in the pane specified by -t or the
current pane if omitted). If the command doesn't return success,
the exit status is also displayed.
wait-for [-L | -S | -U] channel
(alias: wait)
When used without options, prevents the client from exiting until
woken using wait-for -S with the same channel. When -L is used,
the channel is locked and any clients that try to lock the same
channel are made to wait until the channel is unlocked with
wait-for -U. This command only works from outside tmux.
终端扩展
tmux understands some extensions to terminfo(5):
Cs, Cr Set the cursor colour. The first takes a single string argument
and is used to set the colour; the second takes no arguments and
restores the default cursor colour. If set, a sequence such as
this may be used to change the cursor colour from inside tmux:
$ printf '\033]12;red\033\\'
Ss, Se Set or reset the cursor style. If set, a sequence such as this
may be used to change the cursor to an underline:
$ printf '\033[4 q'
If Se is not set, Ss with argument 0 will be used to reset the
cursor style instead.
Ms This sequence can be used by tmux to store the current buffer in
the host terminal's selection (clipboard). See the set-clipboard
option above and the xterm(1) man page.
控制模式
tmux offers a textual interface called control mode. This allows appli‐
cations to communicate with tmux using a simple text-only protocol.
In control mode, a client sends tmux commands or command sequences termi‐
nated by newlines on standard input. Each command will produce one block
of output on standard output. An output block consists of a %begin line
followed by the output (which may be empty). The output block ends with
a %end or %error. %begin and matching %end or %error have two arguments:
an integer time (as seconds from epoch) and command number. For example:
%begin 1363006971 2
0: ksh* (1 panes) [80x24] [layout b25f,80x24,0,0,2] @2 (active)
%end 1363006971 2
In control mode, tmux outputs notifications. A notification will never
occur inside an output block.
The following notifications are defined:
%exit [reason]
The tmux client is exiting immediately, either because it is not
attached to any session or an error occurred. If present, reason
describes why the client exited.
%layout-change window-id window-layout
The layout of a window with ID window-id changed. The new layout
is window-layout.
%output pane-id value
A window pane produced output. value escapes non-printable char‐
acters and backslash as octal \xxx.
%session-changed session-id name
The client is now attached to the session with ID session-id,
which is named name.
%session-renamed name
The current session was renamed to name.
%sessions-changed
A session was created or destroyed.
%unlinked-window-add window-id
The window with ID window-id was created but is not linked to the
current session.
%window-add window-id
The window with ID window-id was linked to the current session.
%window-close window-id
The window with ID window-id closed.
%window-renamed window-id name
The window with ID window-id was renamed to name.
配置文件
~/.tmux.conf Default tmux configuration file.
/etc/tmux.conf System-wide configuration file.
例子
To create a new tmux session running vi(1):
$ tmux new-session vi
Most commands have a shorter form, known as an alias. For new-session,
this is new:
$ tmux new vi
Alternatively, the shortest unambiguous form of a command is accepted.
If there are several options, they are listed:
$ tmux n
ambiguous command: n, could be: new-session, new-window, next-window
Within an active session, a new window may be created by typing ‘C-b c’
(Ctrl followed by the ‘b’ key followed by the ‘c’ key).
Windows may be navigated with: ‘C-b 0’ (to select window 0), ‘C-b 1’ (to
select window 1), and so on; ‘C-b n’ to select the next window; and ‘C-b
p’ to select the previous window.
A session may be detached using ‘C-b d’ (or by an external event such as
ssh(1) disconnection) and reattached with:
$ tmux attach-session
Typing ‘C-b ?’ lists the current key bindings in the current window; up
and down may be used to navigate the list or ‘q’ to exit from it.
Commands to be run when the tmux server is started may be placed in the
~/.tmux.conf configuration file. Common examples include:
Changing the default prefix key:
set-option -g prefix C-a
unbind-key C-b
bind-key C-a send-prefix
Turning the status line off, or changing its colour:
set-option -g status off
set-option -g status-style bg=blue
Setting other options, such as the default command, or locking after 30
minutes of inactivity:
set-option -g default-command "exec /bin/ksh"
set-option -g lock-after-time 1800
Creating new key bindings:
bind-key b set-option status
bind-key / command-prompt "split-window 'exec man %%'"
bind-key S command-prompt "new-window -n %1 'ssh %1'"
作者
Nicholas Marriott <nicm@users.sourceforge.net>写于2013年三月25日。
相关命令
pty：伪终端
tty：真实终端
后记
单单一个tmux就有如此多的配置，tmux的代码量之大可想而知，做出tmux这样的工具必然需要漫长的时间、精心的设计。