如果各位觉得有用，转载+个出处。
现如今安卓的低功耗蓝牙应用十分普遍了，智能手环、手表遍地都是，基本都是利用BLE通信来交互数据。BLE基本在安卓、IOS两大终端设备上都有很好支持，所以有很好发展前景。
现市面上各种手环、手表的智能设备中基本都充当"从设备"这样的角色，基本由智能设备完成蓝牙广播，由手机进行连接，然后交互数据。
根据上述方式的应用在安卓4.3、IOS 7.0的版本上就得到了支持，应用也比较广泛，园里应该有很多相关实现，大家可以自己找找，如果不愿意找，抽空再写一篇。
今天主要是为了说在安卓5.0时升级了广播相关API，园里也有一些说明，但之所以还写这篇是因为数据交换的提及很少。
既然将手机要做广播了，那么实质手机就变成手环、手表的角色，一个从设备了。
如果你愿意，可以拿另一台手机做个主设备，这样他们就可以交流了。
好了，我们进入代码正题吧...
首先应用权限设置。在AndroidManifest.xml中还是要加入BLE控制权限，不然异常一定与你为伍。
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />
接着我们上套路了，判断手机是否支持BLE以及是否支持BLE从设备。
if (!getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_BLUETOOTH_LE)) {
showToast("该设备不支持蓝牙低功耗通讯");
this.finish();
return;
}
bluetoothManager = (BluetoothManager) getSystemService(BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);
bluetoothAdapter = bluetoothManager.getAdapter();
if (bluetoothAdapter == null) {
showToast("该设备不支持蓝牙低功耗通讯");
this.finish();
return;
}
bluetoothLeAdvertiser = bluetoothAdapter.getBluetoothLeAdvertiser();
if (bluetoothLeAdvertiser == null) {
showToast("该设备不支持蓝牙低功耗从设备通讯");
this.finish();
return;
}
我建议你先拿你调试设备试试，大多数同学走到这里都绝望了。你问我为啥？你试试就知道了。
如果你一脸what???的话，那恭喜你，你的调试设备是被选中的孩子，让我们继续乘风破浪吧。顺便在评论里告诉我下你用啥设备哦。
这时候我们开启广播的旋风吧。
//广播设置
AdvertiseSettings.Builder settingBuilder = new AdvertiseSettings.Builder();
settingBuilder.setConnectable(true);
settingBuilder.setAdvertiseMode(AdvertiseSettings.ADVERTISE_MODE_BALANCED);
settingBuilder.setTimeout(0); //我填过别的，但是不能广播。后来我就坚定的0了
settingBuilder.setTxPowerLevel(AdvertiseSettings.ADVERTISE_TX_POWER_HIGH);
AdvertiseSettings settings = settingBuilder.build(); //广播参数
AdvertiseData.Builder dataBuilder = new AdvertiseData.Builder();
bluetoothAdapter.setName("H8-BlePpl"); //你想叫啥名字，你愿意就好
dataBuilder.setIncludeDeviceName(true);
dataBuilder.setIncludeTxPowerLevel(true); dataBuilder.addServiceUuid(ParcelUuid.fromString(Const.UUID_SERVICE)); //可自定义UUID，看看官方有没有定义哦
AdvertiseData data = dataBuilder.build(); bluetoothLeAdvertiser.startAdvertising(settings, data, advertiseCallback);
然后你的小手机就开始广播了，说大家来连我啊连我啊。别总搜地址，貌似地址动态会变的，还是用名儿吧毕竟你起了啊。
我之前傻傻的查了手机蓝牙MAC地址，后来发现不是广播的那个...
广播回调我干了点新增服务的活儿，不干你拿啥通信来。
private AdvertiseCallback advertiseCallback = new AdvertiseCallback() {
@Override
public void onStartSuccess(AdvertiseSettings settingsInEffect) {
super.onStartSuccess(settingsInEffect);
runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
showInfo("1.1 AdvertiseCallback-onStartSuccess");
}
});
bluetoothGattServer = bluetoothManager.openGattServer(getApplicationContext(),
bluetoothGattServerCallback);
BluetoothGattService service = new BluetoothGattService(UUID.fromString(Const.UUID_SERVICE),
BluetoothGattService.SERVICE_TYPE_PRIMARY);
UUID UUID_CHARREAD = UUID.fromString(Const.UUID_CHARACTERISTIC);
//特征值读写设置
BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristicWrite = new BluetoothGattCharacteristic(UUID_CHARREAD,
BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_WRITE |
BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_READ |
BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_NOTIFY,
BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PERMISSION_WRITE);
UUID UUID_DESCRIPTOR = UUID.fromString(Const.UUID_CHARACTERISTIC_CONFIG);
BluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor = new BluetoothGattDescriptor(UUID_DESCRIPTOR, BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PERMISSION_WRITE);
characteristicWrite.addDescriptor(descriptor);
service.addCharacteristic(characteristicWrite);
bluetoothGattServer.addService(service);
runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
showInfo("1.2. Service Builded ok");
}
});
}};
当你收到广播成功回调后，来吧，特征值啊~~反正要通信呐~~
被你发现了我偷懒读写特征值用了一个，其实你愿意用两个就用两个吧。
我用的NOTIFICATION方式做主设备的读取，你也可用INDICATION方式做。
服务建立完成后，也会收到通知。BLE嘛~~都是异步回调~~我是习惯了!
private BluetoothGattServerCallback bluetoothGattServerCallback = new BluetoothGattServerCallback() {
@Override
public void onServiceAdded(int status, BluetoothGattService service) {
super.onServiceAdded(status, service);
final String info = service.getUuid().toString();
runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
showInfo("1.3 BluetoothGattServerCallback-onServiceAdded " + info);
}
});
}
@Override
public void onConnectionStateChange(BluetoothDevice device, int status, int newState) {
super.onConnectionStateChange(device, status, newState);
final String info = device.getAddress() + "|" + status + "->" + newState;
runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
showInfo("1.4 onConnectionStateChange " + info);
}
});
}
@Override
public void onCharacteristicReadRequest(BluetoothDevice device, int requestId, int offset,
BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {
super.onCharacteristicReadRequest(device, requestId, offset, characteristic);
final String deviceInfo = "Address:" + device.getAddress();
final String info = "Request:" + requestId + "|Offset:" + offset + "|characteristic:" + characteristic.getUuid() + "|Value:" +
Util.bytes2HexString(characteristic.getValue());
runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
showInfo("=============================================");
showInfo("设备信息 " + deviceInfo);
showInfo("数据信息 " + info);
showInfo("=========onCharacteristicReadRequest=========");
}
});
bluetoothGattServer.sendResponse(device, requestId, BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS, offset, characteristic.getValue());
}
@Override
public void onCharacteristicWriteRequest(BluetoothDevice device, int requestId, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, boolean preparedWrite, boolean responseNeeded, int offset, byte[] value) {
super.onCharacteristicWriteRequest(device, requestId, characteristic,
preparedWrite, responseNeeded, offset, value);
final String deviceInfo = "Name:" + device.getAddress() + "|Address:" + device.getAddress();
final String info = "Request:" + requestId + "|Offset:" + offset + "|characteristic:" + characteristic.getUuid() + "|Value:" + Util.bytes2HexString(value);
bluetoothGattServer.sendResponse(device, requestId, BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS, offset, value);
//TODO:你做数据处理
runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
showInfo("=============================================");
showInfo("设备信息 " + deviceInfo);
showInfo("数据信息 " + info);
showInfo("=========onCharacteristicWriteRequest=========");
}
});
}
@Override
public void onNotificationSent(BluetoothDevice device, int status) {
super.onNotificationSent(device, status);
final String info = "Address:" + device.getAddress() + "|status:" + status;
runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
showInfo("onNotificationSent " + info);
}
});
}
@Override
public void onDescriptorWriteRequest(BluetoothDevice device, int requestId, BluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor, boolean preparedWrite, boolean responseNeeded, int offset, byte[] value) {
final String deviceInfo = "Name:" + device.getAddress() + "|Address:" + device.getAddress();
final String info = "Request:" + requestId + "|Offset:" + offset + "|characteristic:" + descriptor.getUuid() + "|Value:" + Util.bytes2HexString(value);
runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
showInfo("=============================================");
showInfo("设备信息 " + deviceInfo);
showInfo("数据信息 " + info);
showInfo("=========onDescriptorWriteRequest=========");
}
});
// 告诉连接设备做好了
bluetoothGattServer.sendResponse(device, requestId, BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS, offset, value);
}
@Override
public void onDescriptorReadRequest(BluetoothDevice device, int requestId, int offset, BluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor) {
super.onDescriptorReadRequest(device, requestId, offset, descriptor);
final String deviceInfo = "Name:" + device.getAddress() + "|Address:" + device.getAddress();
final String info = "Request:" + requestId + "|Offset:" + offset + "|characteristic:" + descriptor.getUuid();
runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
showInfo("=============================================");
showInfo("设备信息 " + deviceInfo);
showInfo("数据信息 " + info);
showInfo("=========onDescriptorReadRequest=========");
}
});
// 告诉连接设备做好了
bluetoothGattServer.sendResponse(device, requestId, BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS, offset, null);
}
};
基本上从设备就做完了。
调试的时候你用主设备查服务列表可能查不到你的UUID_SERVICE,但是别慌，你getServcie(UUID_SERVICE)试试，说不定就柳暗花明了。
还有就是我拿的华为Honor 8做的调试机子，其他还有啥型号请各位分享下。姑娘我跪谢啦~~