Apache Shiro(四)-登录认证和权限管理WEB支持（Servlet）

新建web项目

　　

web.xml

　　修改web.xml，在里面加了个过滤器。 这个过滤器的作用，简单的说，就是 Shiro 入门里的TestShiro 这部分的工作，悄悄的干了。

//加载配置文件，并获取工厂

Factory<SecurityManager> factory = new IniSecurityManagerFactory("classpath:shiro.ini");

//获取安全管理者实例

SecurityManager sm = factory.getInstance();

//将安全管理者放入全局对象

SecurityUtils.setSecurityManager(sm);

 <web-app>
     <listener>
         <listener-class>org.apache.shiro.web.env.EnvironmentLoaderListener</listener-class>
     </listener>
     <context-param>
         <param-name>shiroEnvironmentClass</param-name>
         <param-value>org.apache.shiro.web.env.IniWebEnvironment</param-value><!-- 默认先从/WEB-INF/shiro.ini，如果没有找classpath:shiro.ini -->
     </context-param>
     <context-param>
         <param-name>shiroConfigLocations</param-name>
         <param-value>classpath:shiro.ini</param-value>
     </context-param>
     <filter>
         <filter-name>shiroFilter</filter-name>
         <filter-class>org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.ShiroFilter</filter-class>
     </filter>
     <filter-mapping>
         <filter-name>shiroFilter</filter-name>
         <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
     </filter-mapping>
 </web-app>

User DAO DatabaseRealm

这三个类和前面一样，不用多说。

User.java

 package com.how2java;

 public class User {

     private int id;
     private String name;
     private String password;
     public String getName() {
         return name;
     }
     public void setName(String name) {
         this.name = name;
     }
     public String getPassword() {
         return password;
     }
     public void setPassword(String password) {
         this.password = password;
     }
     public int getId() {
         return id;
     }
     public void setId(int id) {
         this.id = id;
     }

 }

点击展开

DAO

 package com.how2java;

 import java.sql.Connection;
 import java.sql.DriverManager;
 import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
 import java.sql.ResultSet;
 import java.sql.SQLException;
 import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.Set;

 public class DAO {
     public DAO() {
         try {
             Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
         } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
             e.printStackTrace();
         }
     }

     public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
         return DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/shiro?characterEncoding=UTF-8", "root",
                 "admin");
     }

     public String getPassword(String userName) {
         String sql = "select password from user where name = ?";
         try (Connection c = getConnection(); PreparedStatement ps = c.prepareStatement(sql);) {

             ps.setString(1, userName);

             ResultSet rs = ps.executeQuery();

             if (rs.next())
                 return rs.getString("password");

         } catch (SQLException e) {

             e.printStackTrace();
         }
         return null;
     }

     public Set<String> listRoles(String userName) {

         Set<String> roles = new HashSet<>();
         String sql = "select r.name from user u "
                 + "left join user_role ur on u.id = ur.uid "
                 + "left join Role r on r.id = ur.rid "
                 + "where u.name = ?";
         try (Connection c = getConnection(); PreparedStatement ps = c.prepareStatement(sql);) {
             ps.setString(1, userName);
             ResultSet rs = ps.executeQuery();

             while (rs.next()) {
                 roles.add(rs.getString(1));
             }

         } catch (SQLException e) {

             e.printStackTrace();
         }
         return roles;
     }
     public Set<String> listPermissions(String userName) {
         Set<String> permissions = new HashSet<>();
         String sql =
             "select p.name from user u "+
             "left join user_role ru on u.id = ru.uid "+
             "left join role r on r.id = ru.rid "+
             "left join role_permission rp on r.id = rp.rid "+
             "left join permission p on p.id = rp.pid "+
             "where u.name =?";

         try (Connection c = getConnection(); PreparedStatement ps = c.prepareStatement(sql);) {

             ps.setString(1, userName);

             ResultSet rs = ps.executeQuery();

             while (rs.next()) {
                 permissions.add(rs.getString(1));
             }

         } catch (SQLException e) {

             e.printStackTrace();
         }
         return permissions;
     }
     public static void main(String[] args) {
         System.out.println(new DAO().listRoles("zhang3"));
         System.out.println(new DAO().listRoles("li4"));
         System.out.println(new DAO().listPermissions("zhang3"));
         System.out.println(new DAO().listPermissions("li4"));
     }
 }

点击展开

DatabaseRealm

 package com.how2java;

 import java.util.Set;

 import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationException;
 import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationInfo;
 import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationToken;
 import org.apache.shiro.authc.SimpleAuthenticationInfo;
 import org.apache.shiro.authc.UsernamePasswordToken;
 import org.apache.shiro.authz.AuthorizationInfo;
 import org.apache.shiro.authz.SimpleAuthorizationInfo;
 import org.apache.shiro.realm.AuthorizingRealm;
 import org.apache.shiro.subject.PrincipalCollection;

 public class DatabaseRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {

     @Override
     protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principalCollection) {
         //能进入到这里，表示账号已经通过验证了
         String userName =(String) principalCollection.getPrimaryPrincipal();
         //通过DAO获取角色和权限
         Set<String> permissions = new DAO().listPermissions(userName);
         Set<String> roles = new DAO().listRoles(userName);

         //授权对象
         SimpleAuthorizationInfo s = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo();
         //把通过DAO获取到的角色和权限放进去
         s.setStringPermissions(permissions);
         s.setRoles(roles);
         return s;
     }

     @Override
     protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken token) throws AuthenticationException {
         //获取账号密码
         UsernamePasswordToken t = (UsernamePasswordToken) token;
         String userName= token.getPrincipal().toString();
         String password= new String( t.getPassword());
         //获取数据库中的密码
         String passwordInDB = new DAO().getPassword(userName);

         //如果为空就是账号不存在，如果不相同就是密码错误，但是都抛出AuthenticationException，而不是抛出具体错误原因，免得给破解者提供帮助信息
         if(null==passwordInDB || !passwordInDB.equals(password))
             throw new AuthenticationException();

         //认证信息里存放账号密码, getName() 是当前Realm的继承方法,通常返回当前类名 :databaseRealm
         SimpleAuthenticationInfo a = new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(userName,password,getName());
         return a;
     }

 }

点击展开

LoginServlet

LoginServlet 映射路径/login的访问。
获取账号和密码，然后组成UsernamePasswordToken 对象，仍给Shiro进行判断。 如果判断不报错，即表示成功，客户端跳转到根目录，否则返回login.jsp，并带上错误信息
登录成功后还会把subject放在shiro的session对象里，shiro的这个session和httpsession是串通好了的，所以在这里放了，它会自动放在httpsession里，它们之间是同步的。

package com.how2java;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.UsernamePasswordToken;
import org.apache.shiro.session.Session;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject;

@WebServlet(name = "loginServlet", urlPatterns = "/login")
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
      throws ServletException, IOException {
        String name = req.getParameter("name");
        String password = req.getParameter("password");
        Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
        UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken(name, password);
        try {
            subject.login(token);
            Session session=subject.getSession();
            session.setAttribute("subject", subject);

            resp.sendRedirect("");
        } catch (AuthenticationException e) {
            req.setAttribute("error", "验证失败");
            req.getRequestDispatcher("login.jsp").forward(req, resp);
        }
    }
} 

shiro.ini

 [main]
 #使用数据库进行验证和授权
 databaseRealm=com.how2java.DatabaseRealm
 securityManager.realms=$databaseRealm

 #当访问需要验证的页面，但是又没有验证的情况下，跳转到login.jsp
 authc.loginUrl=/login.jsp
 #当访问需要角色的页面，但是又不拥有这个角色的情况下，跳转到noroles.jsp
 roles.unauthorizedUrl=/noRoles.jsp
 #当访问需要权限的页面，但是又不拥有这个权限的情况下，跳转到noperms.jsp
 perms.unauthorizedUrl=/noPerms.jsp

 #users，roles和perms都通过前面知识点的数据库配置了
 [users]  

 #urls用来指定哪些资源需要什么对应的授权才能使用
 [urls]
 #doLogout地址就会进行退出行为
 /doLogout=logout
 #login.jsp,noroles.jsp,noperms.jsp 可以匿名访问
 /login.jsp=anon
 /noroles.jsp=anon
 /noperms.jsp=anon

 #查询所有产品,需要登录后才可以查看
 /listProduct.jsp=authc
 #增加商品不仅需要登录，而且要拥有 productManager 权限才可以操作
 /deleteProduct.jsp=authc,roles[productManager]
 #删除商品，不仅需要登录，而且要拥有 deleteProduct 权限才可以操作
 /deleteOrder.jsp=authc,perms["deleteOrder"]   

style.css

新建个样式文件，后面的 jsp 会用得着
本文件位于： WebContent/static/css/style.css 下

span.desc{
    margin-left:20px;
    color:gray;
}
div.workingroom{
    margin:200px auto;
    width:400px;
}
div.workingroom a{
    display:inline-block;
    margin-top:20px;
}
div.loginDiv{
    text-align: left;
}
div.errorInfo{
    color:red;
    font-size:0.65em;
}

index.jsp

1. 通过 ${subject.principal} 来判断用户是否登录，如果登录过了就显示退出，如果未登录就显示登录按钮
2. 提供3个超链，分别要 登录后才可以查看，有角色才能看，有权限才能看，便于进行测试

注： subject 是在 LoginServlet 里放进session的

 <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
     pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
 <html>
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">

 <%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>

 <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="static/css/style.css" />

 </head>
 <body>

 <div class="workingroom">
     <div class="loginDiv">

     <c:if test="${empty subject.principal}">
         <a href="login.jsp">登录</a><br>
     </c:if>
     <c:if test="${!empty subject.principal}">
         <span class="desc">你好，${subject.principal}，</span>
         <a href="doLogout">退出</a><br>
     </c:if>

     <a href="listProduct.jsp">查看产品</a><span class="desc">(登录后才可以查看) </span><br>
     <a href="deleteProduct.jsp">删除产品</a><span  class="desc">(要有产品管理员角色, zhang3没有，li4 有) </span><br>
     <a href="deleteOrder.jsp">删除订单</a><span class="desc">(要有删除订单权限, zhang3有，li4没有) </span><br>
 </div>

 </body>
 </html>

login.jsp

登陆页面，如果有错误返回会显示错误. 账号密码也写在下面，方便输入

 <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
     pageEncoding="UTF-8" import="java.util.*"%>

 <!DOCTYPE html>

 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
 <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="static/css/style.css" />

 <div class="workingroom">

 <div class="errorInfo">${error}</div>
     <form action="login" method="post">
         账号： <input type="text" name="name"> <br>
         密码： <input type="password" name="password"> <br>
         <br>
         <input type="submit" value="登录">
         <br>
         <br>
     <div>
         <span class="desc">账号:zhang3 密码:12345 角色:admin</span><br>
         <span class="desc">账号:li4 密码:abcde 角色:productManager</span><br>
     </div>

     </form>
 </div>

listProduct.jsp

根据 shiro.ini 里的配置信息：

/listProduct.jsp=authc 

这个页面要在登录之后才能访问

 <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
     pageEncoding="UTF-8" import="java.util.*"%>

 <!DOCTYPE html>

 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
 <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="static/css/style.css" />

 <div class="workingroom">

     listProduct.jsp ，能进来，就表示已经登录成功了
     <br>
     <a href="#" onClick="javascript:history.back()">返回</a>
 </div>

deleteOrder.jsp

根据 shiro.ini 里的配置信息：

/deleteProduct.jsp=authc,roles[admin]  

这个页面要在登录之后，并且有角色的前提下才能访问。

 <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
     pageEncoding="UTF-8" import="java.util.*"%>

 <!DOCTYPE html>

 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
 <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="static/css/style.css" />

 <div class="workingroom">

     deleteOrder.jsp ，能进来，就表示有deleteOrder权限
     <br>
     <a href="#" onClick="javascript:history.back()">返回</a>
 </div>

deleteProduct.jsp

根据 shiro.ini 里的配置信息：

/deleteOrder.jsp=authc,perms["deleteOrder"]  

这个页面要在登录之后，并且有权限的前提下才能访问。

 <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
     pageEncoding="UTF-8" import="java.util.*"%>

 <!DOCTYPE html>

 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
 <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="static/css/style.css" />

 <div class="workingroom">

     deleteProduct.jsp，能进来<br>就表示拥有 productManager 角色
     <br>
     <a href="#" onClick="javascript:history.back()">返回</a>
 </div>

noRoles.jsp

根据 shiro.ini 里的配置信息：

roles.unauthorizedUrl=/noRoles.jsp

当没有角色的时候，就会跳转到这里来。

 <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
     pageEncoding="UTF-8" import="java.util.*"%>

 <!DOCTYPE html>

 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
 <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="static/css/style.css" />

 <div class="workingroom">

     角色不匹配
     <br>
     <a href="#" onClick="javascript:history.back()">返回</a>
 </div>

noPerms.jsp

根据 shiro.ini 里的配置信息：

perms.unauthorizedUrl=/noPerms.jsp

当没有权限的时候，就会跳转到这里来。

 <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
     pageEncoding="UTF-8" import="java.util.*"%>

 <!DOCTYPE html>

 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
 <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="static/css/style.css" />

 <div class="workingroom">

     权限不足
     <br>
     <a href="#" onClick="javascript:history.back()">返回</a>
 </div>

最后

启动tomcat,试试各个功能吧！并理一理其中的逻辑以及思考它的原理。

代码地址：https://gitee.com/fengyuduke/my_open_resources/blob/master/shiro-web.zip