在前面的文章中（Spring Boot 2 实践记录之 Powermock 和 SpringBootTest）提到了使用 Powermock 结合 SpringBootTest、WebMvcTest 来 Mock Service、Controller 中的 静态类和静态方法。
但此法有两个弊端，一是这样的单元测试运行速度慢，二是时不时会出现测试运行停顿的情况。
一个可选的方案就是将这些用在 Service、Controller 中的静态类和静态方法的引用，封装在普通 Bean 中，Service、Controller 使用这些 Bean 来完成相应的功能。这样一来，针对 Service、Controller 的单元测试中，就可以使用 @MockBean 结合 Mockito 直接 Mock 这些封装类及其方法了。
例如，在用户注册中，使用了 UUID 类来生成 用户id，使用 Date 插入注册时间，代码如下：
@Service
public class UsersServiceImpl implements UsersServiceInterface { @Autowired
private Users users; @Autowired
private UsersMapper usersMapper; /**
* 用户注册 service 方法
* @param userIn
* @return
*/
@Override
public String signUp(UserIn userIn) {
String result;
Date now = new Date();
users.setUserId(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
users.setRegTime(now);
...... try {
Integer result = usersMapper.insert(users);
if (0 == result) {
result = "fail";
} else {
result = "success";
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error(e.getLocalizedMessage(), e.fillInStackTrace());
result = "fail";
} finally {
return result;
}
}
}
对应的单元测试：
@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
@PowerMockRunnerDelegate(SpringRunner.class)
@PowerMockIgnore({"javax.management.*", "javax.net.ssl.*"})
@PrepareForTest({UsersService.class, Date.class, UUID.class})
@SpringBootTest
@Transactional
public class UsersServiceMybatisImplTest { @Autowired
private UsersServiceMybatisImpl usersServiceMybatis; @MockBean
private EncryptInterface encryptInterface; @MockBean
private DateUtils dateUtils; @Autowired
private UsersMapper usersMapper; private UserIn userIn;
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
userIn = new UserIn();
Mockito.when(encryptInterface.passwordGenerator("hello123")).thenReturn("abcdefghijklmn");
} @After
public void tearDown() throws Exception {
} @Test
public void signUp(){
Date date = (new GregorianCalendar(2018, 11, 9)).getTime();
PowerMockito.mockStatic(Date.class);
PowerMockito.whenNew(Date.class).withNoArgments().thenReturn(date);
String randomString = "abcdefg";
UUID uuid = PowerMockito.mock(UUID.class);
Mockito.when(uuid.toString()).thenReturn(randomString);
PowerMockito.mockStatic(UUID.class);
PowerMockito.when(UUID.randomUUID()).thenReturn(uuid);
userIn.setUserId("admin123");
userIn.setSign("盘古氏");
userIn.setEmail("pangu@gushen.com");
userIn.setPassword("hello123");
userIn.setRePassword("hello123");
userIn.setIp("127.0.0.1");
userIn.setNick("盘古");
userIn.setSchool("混沌大学");
assertEquals("success", result);
Users user = usersMapper.selectByPrimaryKey("abcdefg");
assertEquals(date.toString(), user.getRegTime().toString());
......
} }
将静态类和静态方法封装成普通 Bean的示例如下：
工具类：
@Component
public class DateUtils {
public Date generateDate() {
return new Date();
}
}
@Component
public class UUIDUtils {
public Date generateUUID() {
return UUID.randomUUID();
}
}
Service 类：
@Service
public class UsersServiceImpl implements UsersServiceInterface { @Autowired
private Users users; @Autowired
private UsersMapper usersMapper; @Autowired
private DateUtils dateUtils; @Autowired
private UUIDUtils uuidUtils; /**
* 用户注册 service 方法
* @param userIn
* @return
*/
@Override
public String signUp(UserIn userIn) {
String result;
Date now = dateUtils.generateDate();
users.setUserId(uuidUtils.generateUUID().toString());
users.setRegTime(now);
...... try {
Integer result = usersMapper.insert(users);
if (0 == result) {
result = "fail";
} else {
result = "success";
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error(e.getLocalizedMessage(), e.fillInStackTrace());
result = "fail";
} finally {
return result;
}
}
}
单元测试：
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
@Transactional
public class UsersServiceMybatisImplTest { @Autowired
private UsersServiceMybatisImpl usersServiceMybatis; @MockBean
private EncryptInterface encryptInterface; @MockBean
private DateUtils dateUtils; @MockBean
private UUIDUtils uuidUtils; @Autowired
private UsersMapper usersMapper; private UserIn userIn; @Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
userIn = new UserIn();
Mockito.when(encryptInterface.passwordGenerator("hello123")).thenReturn("abcdefghijklmn");
} @After
public void tearDown() throws Exception {
} @Test
public void signUp(){
Date date = (new GregorianCalendar(2018, 11, 9)).getTime();
Mockito.when(dateUtils.generateDate()).thenReturn(date);
UUID uuid = Mockito.mock(UUID.randomUUID());
Mockito.when(uuid.toString()).thenReturn("abcdefg");
Mockito.when(uuidUtils.generateUUID()).thenReturn(uuid);
userIn.setUserId("admin123");
userIn.setSign("盘古氏");
userIn.setEmail("pangu@gushen.com");
userIn.setPassword("hello123");
userIn.setRePassword("hello123");
userIn.setIp("127.0.0.1");
userIn.setNick("盘古");
userIn.setSchool("混沌大学");
assertEquals("success", result);
Users user = usersMapper.selectByPrimaryKey("abcdefg");
assertEquals(date.toString(), user.getRegTime().toString());
......
}