之前的用户信息我们都是使用的内存用户，测试例子可以，实际中使用肯定不行，需要结合数据库进行验证用户。这就是本节的重点：
项目目录如下：
在之前的项目中的依赖中添加两个依赖：
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 用于thymeleaf中使用security的标签 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.thymeleaf.extras</groupId>
<artifactId>thymeleaf-extras-springsecurity4</artifactId>
<version>3.0.2.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- mysql -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>${mysql.connector.version}</version>
</dependency>
spring-jdbc依赖用于数据库查询，thymeleaf-extras-springsecurity4是thymeleaf对security标签的支持
在数据库中添加两张表：
CREATE TABLE users (
username VARCHAR(45) NOT NULL ,
password VARCHAR(45) NOT NULL ,
enabled BOOLEAN DEFAULT TRUE NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (username)
);
CREATE TABLE user_roles (
user_role_id int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
username varchar(45) NOT NULL,
role varchar(45) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (user_role_id),
UNIQUE KEY uni_username_role (role,username),
KEY fk_username_idx (username),
CONSTRAINT fk_username FOREIGN KEY (username) REFERENCES users (username)
);
INSERT INTO users(username,password,enabled) VALUES ('hxf','', true);
INSERT INTO users(username,password,enabled) VALUES ('wpp','', true);
INSERT INTO user_roles (username, role) VALUES ('hxf', 'ROLE_USER');
INSERT INTO user_roles (username, role) VALUES ('hxf', 'ROLE_ADMIN');
INSERT INTO user_roles (username, role) VALUES ('wpp', 'ROLE_USER');
这里参考 http://docs.spring.io/spring-security/site/docs/4.2.1.RELEASE/reference/htmlsingle/#user-schema 官网给的配置
一、添加数据库配置文件spring-database.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/security http://www.springframework.org/schema/security/spring-security.xsd">
<bean id="datasource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/security_learning"/>
<property name="username" value="petter"/>
<property name="password" value="petter"/>
</bean>
</beans>
添加完成以后需要在web.xml文件中指定：
<!-- Loads Spring config file -->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>
/WEB-INF/spring-security.xml
/WEB-INF/spring-database.xml
</param-value>
</context-param>
二、修改spring-security.xml配置文件：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:security="http://www.springframework.org/schema/security"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/security http://www.springframework.org/schema/security/spring-security.xsd">
<!-- use-expressions 允许使用表达式 -->
<security:http auto-config="true" use-expressions="true">
<security:intercept-url pattern="/admin**" access="hasRole('ROLE_ADMIN')"/>
<!-- 拒绝访问页面 -->
<security:access-denied-handler error-page="/403"/>
<security:form-login
login-page="/login"
default-target-url="/welcome"
authentication-failure-url="/login?error"
username-parameter="user-name"
password-parameter="pwd"/>
<security:logout
logout-success-url="/login?logout"/>
<!-- XML 配置中默认csrf是关闭的，此处设置为打开
如果这里打开csrf，则在form表单中需要添加
<input type="hidden" th:name="${_csrf.parameterName}" th:value="${_csrf.token}" />
-->
<security:csrf />
</security:http>
<security:authentication-manager>
<security:authentication-provider>
<security:jdbc-user-service data-source-ref="datasource"
users-by-username-query="select username,password, enabled from users where username = ?"
authorities-by-username-query="select username, role from user_roles where username = ?"/>
</security:authentication-provider>
</security:authentication-manager>
</beans>
三、修改登录以后默认进入的页面hello.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"
xmlns:sec="http://www.thymeleaf.org/thymeleaf-extras-springsecurity4">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<title>hello</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 th:text="|标题: ${title}|">Title : XXX</h1>
<h1 th:text="|信息: ${message}|">Message : XXX</h1>
<div sec:authentication="name">
验证用户的名称显示在这里
</div>
<div sec:authentication="principal.authorities">
验证用户的权限显示在这里
</div>
<!-- 下面注释掉的两种写法是等价的，但是不起作用，暂时使用第三种方式 -->
<!--<div sec:authorize="hasRole('ROLE_USER')">-->
<!--<div sec:authorize="hasAuthority('ROLE_USER')">-->
<div th:if="${#strings.contains(#authentication.principal.authorities,'ROLE_USER')}">
<form action="/logout" method="post" id="logoutForm">
<input type="hidden" th:name="${_csrf.parameterName}" th:value="${_csrf.token}" />
</form>
<h2><a href="javascript:formSubmit()">退出</a></h2>
<script>
function formSubmit() {
document.getElementById("logoutForm").submit();
}
</script>
</div>
</body>
</html>
这里需要注意：
1、由于采用的是thymeleaf模板，所有不能使用spring security的标签库，需要使用thymeleaf扩展的库，即pom文件中添加的依赖thymeleaf-extras-springsecurity4
2、在mvc-dispather-servlet.xml文件修改配置把库加入：
<bean id="templateEngine" class="org.thymeleaf.spring4.SpringTemplateEngine">
<property name="templateResolver" ref="templateResolver"/>
<property name="additionalDialects">
<set>
<!-- Note the package would change to 'springsecurity3' if you are using that version -->
<bean class="org.thymeleaf.extras.springsecurity4.dialect.SpringSecurityDialect"/>
</set>
</property>
</bean>
3、如上注释所示，两种写法判断只用含有USER角色的用户会显示，不起作用，可能只会会修复。
PS：要想起作用，thymeleaf-spring4 版本必须是 3.0.3.RELEASE以上
记住，role就是一种约定的前面加上ROLE_作为前缀的特殊的authority，所以它们是等价的，具体可以参考http://*.com/questions/19525380/difference-between-role-and-grantedauthority-in-spring-security
四、添加403.html页面
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8"/>
<title>403</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>HTTP Status 403 - Access is denied</h1>
<div>
<h2 th:if="username eq null" th:text="您没有权限访问这个页面"></h2>
<h2 th:if="username ne null" th:text="|用户：${username}，您没有权限访问这个页面|"></h2>
</div>
</body>
</html>
并且在HelloController中添加代码：
@RequestMapping(value = "/403", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public ModelAndView accessDenied() {
ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView();
//检查用户是否已经登录
Authentication auth = SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication();
if (!(auth instanceof AnonymousAuthenticationToken)) {
UserDetails userDetail = (UserDetails) auth.getPrincipal();
model.addObject("username", userDetail.getUsername());
}
model.setViewName("403");
return model;
}
启动程序，访问http://localhost:8080/login http://localhost:8080/admin 登录不同角色的用户进行自行测试