Luogu4726 【模板】多项式指数函数(NTT+多项式求逆)

时间:2023-03-09 15:49:59
Luogu4726 【模板】多项式指数函数(NTT+多项式求逆)

  https://www.cnblogs.com/HocRiser/p/8207295.html 安利!

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cmath>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<cstring>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
#define ll long long
#define P 998244353
#define N 550000
char getc(){char c=getchar();while ((c<'A'||c>'Z')&&(c<'a'||c>'z')&&(c<'0'||c>'9')) c=getchar();return c;}
int gcd(int n,int m){return m==0?n:gcd(m,n%m);}
int read()
{
int x=0,f=1;char c=getchar();
while (c<'0'||c>'9') {if (c=='-') f=-1;c=getchar();}
while (c>='0'&&c<='9') x=(x<<1)+(x<<3)+(c^48),c=getchar();
return x*f;
}
int n,a[N],r[N],b[N],c[N],d[N],A[N],B[N],t;
int ksm(int a,int k)
{
int s=1;
for (;k;k>>=1,a=1ll*a*a%P) if (k&1) s=1ll*s*a%P;
return s;
}
int inv(int a){return ksm(a,P-2);}
void DFT(int n,int *a,int g)
{
for (int i=0;i<n;i++) r[i]=(r[i>>1]>>1)|(i&1)*(n>>1);
for (int i=0;i<n;i++) if (i<r[i]) swap(a[i],a[r[i]]);
for (int i=2;i<=n;i<<=1)
{
int wn=ksm(g,(P-1)/i);
for (int j=0;j<n;j+=i)
{
int w=1;
for (int k=j;k<j+(i>>1);k++,w=1ll*w*wn%P)
{
int x=a[k],y=1ll*w*a[k+(i>>1)]%P;
a[k]=(x+y)%P,a[k+(i>>1)]=(x-y+P)%P;
}
}
}
}
void IDFT(int *a,int n)
{
DFT(n,a,inv(3));
int u=inv(n);
for (int i=0;i<n;i++) a[i]=1ll*a[i]*u%P;
}
void mul(int *a,int *b,int n)
{
DFT(n,a,3),DFT(n,b,3);
for (int i=0;i<n;i++) a[i]=1ll*a[i]*b[i]%P;
IDFT(a,n);
}
void Inv(int *a,int *b,int n)
{
if (n==1) {for (int i=0;i<t;i++) b[i]=0;b[0]=inv(a[0]);return;}
Inv(a,b,n>>1);
for (int i=0;i<n;i++) A[i]=a[i];
for (int i=n;i<(n<<1);i++) A[i]=0;
n<<=1;
DFT(n,A,3),DFT(n,b,3);
for (int i=0;i<n;i++) b[i]=1ll*b[i]*(P+2-1ll*A[i]*b[i]%P)%P;
IDFT(b,n);
n>>=1;
for (int i=n;i<(n<<1);i++) b[i]=0;
}
void trans(int *a,int *b,int n){for (int i=0;i<n-1;i++) b[i]=1ll*a[i+1]*(i+1)%P;}
void dx(int *a,int *b,int n){b[0]=0;for (int i=1;i<n;i++) b[i]=1ll*a[i-1]*inv(i)%P;}
void Ln(int *a,int t)
{
for (int i=0;i<t;i++) b[i]=c[i]=0;
trans(a,c,t>>1);
Inv(a,b,t>>1);
mul(c,b,t);
dx(c,a,t);
}
void Exp(int *a,int *b,int n)
{
if (n==1) {b[0]=1;return;}
Exp(a,b,n>>1);
for (int i=0;i<(n>>1);i++) B[i]=b[i];
for (int i=(n>>1);i<n;i++) B[i]=0;
Ln(B,n);
for (int i=0;i<n;i++) B[i]=(a[i]-B[i]+P)%P;
B[0]=(B[0]+1)%P;
for (int i=n;i<(n<<1);i++) B[i]=0;
mul(b,B,n<<1);
for (int i=n;i<(n<<1);i++) b[i]=0;
}
int main()
{
#ifndef ONLINE_JUDGE
freopen("ln.in","r",stdin);
freopen("ln.out","w",stdout);
const char LL[]="%I64d\n";
#else
const char LL[]="%lld\n";
#endif
n=read();
for (int i=0;i<n;i++) a[i]=read();
t=1;while (t<=(n<<1)) t<<=1;
Exp(a,d,t);
for (int i=0;i<n;i++) printf("%d ",d[i]);
return 0;
}
//ln(F(x))=G(x)
//ln(F(x))'=G(x)'
//F(x)'/F(x)=G(x)'
//G(x)=dx(F(x)'/F(x)) //exp(F(x))=G(x)
//F(x)=ln(G(x))
//ln(G(x))-F(x)=0
//H(G(x))=ln(G(x))-F(x)
//G1(x)=G0(x)-H(G0(x))/H(G0(x))'
//G1(x)=[F(x)+1-ln(G0(x))]*G0(x)